Named Cells and Bodies in Oral Pathology - Part II: A Ready Reckoner

It is important for the Oral pathologist to be familiar with the different pathological cells and bodies as they very often tend to appear in various diseases and conditions. In spite of most of these inclusions not being pathognomic, they inevitably help the pathologist in making a diagnosis. Besides assisting in recognition of a lesion, this article will also be of immense help to the student population. This article is split into two parts for the ease of the reader. Part I provided  an overview of  various pathological cells and bodies pertaining to diseases, metabolic disorders and neoplasms. Part II will brief about those associated with cysts, tumors and infections

Named Cells and Bodies in Oral Pathology - Part I: A Ready Reckoner

Oral pathology is a visual speciality which navigates a pathologist in the arena of micro details amidst complex tissues. At times we get stuck or entrapped in a state of flux when we come across certain pathological cells or bodies as our eyes are more conditioned viewing at normal morphology of cell & structures. Although they may be deceptive in their appearance, at the same time aids the pathologist in diagnosis as they are pathognomonic of certain diseases & conditions.  For the ease of description, this article has been split into two parts. Part I provides an overview of various pathological cells and bodies pertaining to diseases, metabolic disorders and neoplasm’s reflecting its significance in Oral Pathology. Besides being an instant reckoner to the student population, it aids in diagnosing different pathological conditions

Oral Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia-A Case Report

Oral Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (OPVL), an aggressive and rare form of leukoplakia, is a long term progressive condition which in the initial stages starts as a harmless benign lesion. Eventually it may progress over a period of time to become multifocal, exophytic and malignant. This stumper of a disease, ambiguous in etiology, diagnosis and management poses a challenge to the clinician and the pathologist. This lesion is refractory to treatment and more often than not, recurs. In this article, we describe a case that possibly may have represented an OPVL

Will women’s choice of position in first stage of labor affect labor process?

Background: Controlling the process of childbirth has disabled the parturient to embrace the most spontaneous position of delivery but constricting her to assume a recumbent position. Objective of this study was to study if alternating comfortable maternal positioning i.e., recumbent and alternative position have any influence in the process of labor, type of delivery, neonatal well-being.Methods: Study conducted an observation study on term pregnant women. Study inclusion criteria included all term pregnant women. Exclusion criteria included multiple pregnancies, preterm patient, severe pre-eclampsia, and eclampsia, preterm premature rupture of membranes, sever intrauterine growth restricted fetus. The measured date were maternal general characteristics, duration of labor process, type of delivery and neonatal outcome. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A - if they spent more than 50% in a recumbent position and Group B - any other alternating position.Results: A total 250 women were equally included in this study. The demographic characteristics were matched in both groups and found no significant difference. In the process of labor, Group B had a difference of 1 hours as compared to Group A and the rate of cervical dilation was also faster in Group B. Both of these variables were found to be statistically significant. However, there were no significant difference in the terms of type of delivery and neonatal outcome.Conclusions: The ancient practice of recumbent position during labor is to be discarded as alternating maternal position during the process of labor may a positive influence on the total duration labor. However even though it may or may not have an influence on the other outcome such as route of delivery and neonatal outcome, it is best to encourage women to move and deliver in the most comfortable position

Solitary Mandibular Lesion as the Presenting Sign of Multiple Myeloma: A Rare Case Report

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare hematological malignancy caused by monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells in the marrow of various bones. It is more common in men in the sixth and seventh decade of life. Patients usually present with bone pain, fatigue, recurrent infections, renal failure and nervous system dysfunction. Rarely, oral lesions may be the initial sign of multiple myeloma presenting with pain, jaw swelling, tooth mobility, multiple punched out radiolucencies and parasthesia. A case of multiple myeloma occurring in a 71 year old male patient who presented with a solitary lesion in the mandible is presented here. This paper highlights the importance of knowing oral manifestations of multiple myeloma and interdisciplinary approach required for early diagnosis

Estudio de la Lidocaína al 0,5% y en Combinación de Lidocaína al 0,25% con Fentanilo y Vecuronio en Anestesia Regional Intravenosa para Cirugías de Miembros Superiores

ResumenJustificativa y objetivosLa anestesia regional intravenosa (ARIV) para cirugías de miembros superiores con la tradicional dosis alta de lidocaína, puede conllevar a efectos colaterales que amenazan la vida. Para evitar esos efectos colaterales potencialmente amenazadores, muchas técnicas modificadas de ARIV fueron experimentadas con el uso de una dosis baja de lidocaína, relajante muscular y opioide.Materiales y métodosEl presente estudio se hizo con 60 pacientes no medicados previamente, con clasificación ASA 1-2, para comparar las características sensoriales y motoras, los parámetros cardiorrespiratorios y los efectos colaterales durante el período intraoperatorio y de deflación pos torniquete, entre los pacientes que recibieron 40mL de lidocaína al 0,5% sola (n = 30) y los que recibieron una combinación de 40mL de lidocaína al 0,25% con 0,05mg de fentanilo y 0,5mg de vecuronio (n = 30) en ARIV para cirugías ortopédicas de miembros superiores. Los resultados se analizaron usando el teste t de Student pareado para identificar la significancia estadística. Resultado: La diferencia entre los dos grupos con relación al tiempo promedio de inicio y completo bloqueo sensitivo y motor, fue estadísticamente significativo. Sin embargo, hubo un completo bloqueo sensitivo y motor en ambos grupos 15 minutos después de la inyección de la solución anestésica. Conclusiones: Aunque la pequeña demora observada al inicio y durante la obtención completa de los bloqueos sensitivo y motor, teóricamente pueda atrasar el inicio de la operación entre 10 y 15 minutos, clínicamente ese tiempo se gastaría en la preparación del campo quirúrgico. Por tanto, esa combinación puede ser usada con seguridad y eficacia en la anestesia regional intravenosa para las cirugías ortopédicas de miembros superiores con menor posibilidad de toxicidad anestésica local

Florid Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia - A dilemma to intervene or not?!

Florid cemento - osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a benign, non-neoplastic lesion characterized by multiple sclerosing masses within the jaw bones. We present an uncommon case of FCOD in a 37-year-old Indian woman incidentally discovered on a radiograph. She presented with bilaterally symmetrical lesions of variable radiodensities in the posterior mandible. In this asymptomatic case, the diagnosis of FCOD was made radiologically as biopsy is contraindicated. No treatment was imparted as the lesions were asymptomatic and the patient continues to be reviewed annually. The rationale of the present work is to describe this uncommon entity with only eleven reported cases noted in the literature amongst Indians. The case is unusual in its combination of the disease itself (FCOD) and the race (Indian). The confirmative role of radiography without histopathological evaluation and the need for no intervention is emphasized.   &nbsp

Optical coherence tomography in oral cancer detection

N

A study on anxiolytic activity and locomotor behavior of Curcuma amada rhizomes using Wistar albino rats

Background: Global burden of disease statistics indicate that 4 of 10 most important causes of disease worldwide are psychiatric in origin. Anxiety affects 1/8th of total population of the world and is a very important area of research interest in psychopharmacology. Medicinal plants and plant products are the oldest tried health-care products. Their importance is growing not only in developing countries but in many developed countries. Curcuma amada Roxb. (CA) commonly known as Mango Ginger is a rhizomatous aromatic herb which is used in this country for culinary purposes and also to treat various diseases. The rhizomes of Curcuma amada was screened for anxiolytic activity and locomotor behavior in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups as control (Distilled water with 0.1% CMC), standard (Diazepam - 1mg/kg) and test - Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma amada Rhizome (EECAR-250 mg/kg). They were administered drugs orally for a period of 10 days, and screened for anxiolytic activity using Light dark arena model and Actophotometer for assessing the locomotor behavior on the 10th day. The number of crossings and time spent in light arena for anxiolytic activity, and the number of movements in Actophotometer was noted. Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey Kramer multiple comparison test using GraphPad InStat software.Results: Curcuma amada (250mg/kg) showed increased time spent in light arena and decreased locomotor behavior which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Curcuma amada possesses significant anxiolytic with CNS depressant activity

Effect on anxiety of Coriandrum sativum leaf hydroethanolic extract oil and aqueous fraction in swiss albino mice

Background: Anxiety is a protective reflex and the most common disorder. This study was done to evaluate the effect of anxiolytic property of oil and aqueous fractions isolated from hydroethanolic extracts of Coriandrum sativum leaf by novel freezing technique with swiss albino mice.Methods: Hydroethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum leaves was prepared. Oil and aqueous part were separated with freezing technique. Animals were divided into six groups. Ist group served as control and 1% DMSO was administered orally. IInd to Vth group were administered with Coriandrum sativum oil fraction and Coriandrum sativum aqueous fraction at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg orally. VIth group was treated with diazepam 1mg/kg orally. After one hour of dosing, battery of test was done viz, elevated plus maze (EPM), light dark arena, photo actometer and rotarod.Results: One-way analysis variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test was used for statistical analysis. Anxiolytic property was found to be in the following order diazepam>coriandrum sativum aqueous 800>coriandrum sativum aqueous 400>coriandrum sativum oil 800>coriandrum sativum oil 400 mg/kg. All the extracts were devoid of adverse effects of motor coordination.Conclusions: Coriandrum sativum leaf possesses anxiolytic effect. The aqueous fraction of the hydroethanolic extract of the Coriandrum sativum leaf was found to be potent and further analysis may lead to identification of active compounds. The findings that the extract is non-sedating anxiolytic and is of good safety index are promising