1,773 research outputs found

    High-frequency oscillations in low-dimensional conductors and semiconductor superlattices induced by current in stack direction

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    A narrow energy band of the electronic spectrum in some direction in low-dimensional crystals may lead to a negative differential conductance and N-shaped I-V curve that results in an instability of the uniform stationary state. A well-known stable solution for such a system is a state with electric field domain. We have found a uniform stable solution in the region of negative differential conductance. This solution describes uniform high-frequency voltage oscillations. Frequency of the oscillation is determined by antenna properties of the system. The results are applicable also to semiconductor superlattices.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

    Electron Bloch Oscillations and Electromagnetic Transparency of Semiconductor Superlattices in Multi-Frequency Electric Fields

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    We examine phenomenon of electromagnetic transparency in semiconductor superlattices (having various miniband dispersion laws) in the presence of multi-frequency periodic and non-periodic electric fields. Effects of induced transparency and spontaneous generation of static fields are discussed. We paid a special attention on a self-induced electromagnetic transparency and its correlation to dynamic electron localization. Processes and mechanisms of the transparency formation, collapse, and stabilization in the presence of external fields are studied. In particular, we present the numerical results of the time evolution of the superlattice current in an external biharmonic field showing main channels of transparency collapse and its partial stabilization in the case of low electron density superlattices

    Structure of the learner's guide for studying Russian as a language of science

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    Π£Ρ‡Π΅Π±Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ комплСкс для изучСния русского языка ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ иностранного (РКИ) "Π’ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ!" ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°ΠΆΠ΅Ρ€ ΠΏΠΎ РКИ

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    A description of the nationally oriented training complex for learning Russian as a foreign language "V Dobryi Put’!" for German speakers which includes a textbook, an audio-supplement, a video-film and a test system is given. The computer-based training system, designed for this complex ensures effective teaching foreign students Russian phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, speech etiquette, and also facilitates the formation of the necessary communication skills.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡΡ описаниС Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ комплСкса ΠΏΠΎ РКИ для нСмСцкоговорящих "Π’ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ!", ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΊ, Π°ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌ ΠΈ систСму тСстов. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ для Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ комплСкса ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°ΠΆΠ΅Ρ€ обСспСчиваСт эффСктивноС ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ иностранных учащихся русской Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, лСксикС, Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌΡƒ этикСту, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΎΠ²

    Fractional and unquantized dc voltage generation in THz-driven semiconductor superlattices

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    We consider the spontaneous creation of a dc voltage across a strongly coupled semiconductor superlattice subjected to THz radiation. We show that the dc voltage may be approximately proportional either to an integer or to a half- integer multiple of the frequency of the applied ac field, depending on the ratio of the characteristic scattering rates of conducting electrons. For the case of an ac field frequency less than the characteristic scattering rates, we demonstrate the generation of an unquantized dc voltage.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, RevTEX, EPSF. Revised version v3: corrected typo

    ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² singularia Ρ‚Π° pluralia tantum Ρƒ курсі Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ–ΠΉΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΡ— ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ як Ρ–Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ—

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    This article considers singularia and pluralia tantum nouns; despite the absence of this topic in programs on teaching Russian as a foreign language (RFL), it must be acknowledged that singularia tantum nouns constitute a significant layer of vocabulary and are quite commonly used, and pluralia tantum nouns are closely linked to cultural discourse and cannot be painlessly excluded from lexical system of the Russian language. Although this phenomenon has been thoroughly studied in classical editions of Russian grammar, problems of category of number and in particular singularia and pluralia tantum nouns are still widely discussed by modern linguists (as is noted, complex subjects can be designated both as forms of singular and forms of plural, therefore the three groups of nouns can be found: pluralia tantum (a single object indicated by plural: Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π°), a full-numbered paradigm (one object is indicated by singular: Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡƒΡˆΠΊΠ°), and nouns with a paradigm fluctuation (one object is indicated by both singular and plural: Π΄Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡŒ / Π΄Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ); there is a dramatic rise in the use of plural forms of many abstract nouns (риск, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠ°) forming a crucial change in the development trend of Russian abstract noun number paradigms). We assume that in RFL teaching, it is important to follow the principles of step by step presentation of theoretical information on this topic (common singularia and pluralia tantum nouns, their grammatical properties, derivative characteristics; proper singularia and pluralia tantum nouns; synonymy, antonymy, and homonymy of singularia and pluralia tantum nouns; occasionalisms, etc.) to help students reach a higher level of Russian language proficiency.Π£ статті розглянуто Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ singularia Ρ‚Π° pluralia tantum. НС Π·Π²Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈ Π½Π° Π²Ρ–Π΄ΡΡƒΡ‚Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”Ρ— Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΈ Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ… викладання Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ–ΠΉΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΡ— ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ як Ρ–Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ— (Π΄Π°Π»Ρ– – Π Π―Π†), Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π° Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ singularia tantum ΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠΊ лСксики Ρ‚Π° Ρ” Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»Ρ– Π²ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, Π° Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ pluralia tantum тісно пов’язані Π· ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌ дискурсом Ρ– Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ бСзболісно Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ– Π· лСксичної систСми Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ–ΠΉΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΡ— ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. Π₯ΠΎΡ‡Π° Ρ†Π΅ΠΉ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ вивчався Π² класичних виданнях Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ–ΠΉΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΡ— Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Ρ— числа Ρ‚Π° Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² singularia tantum Ρ‚Π° pluralia tantum Π·ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡΡ сучасними лінгвістами. Наприклад, Ρ–Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅, Ρ‰ΠΎ складні Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Ρ– ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ як Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Ρ– Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π²ΠΈΡ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΈ Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π²: pluralia tantum (ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ мноТиною: Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π°); Ρ‚Ρ–, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΌΡƒ (ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ об’єкт ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ одниною: Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡƒΡˆΠΊΠ°), Ρ‚Π° Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π· коливанням ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ об’єкт ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ як одниною, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Ρ– мноТиною: Π΄Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡŒ/Π΄Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ). Π—Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π²Ρ–Π΄Π±ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ€Ρ–Π·ΠΊΠ΅ зростання використання ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ Π±Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΎΡ… абстрактних Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² (риск, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΆΠ°), Ρ‰ΠΎ Π½Π°Π΄Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ΡŽΡ” Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΌ числа абстрактних Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² Ρƒ Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ–ΠΉΡΡŒΠΊΡ–ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ²Ρ–). Ми Π²ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π· Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ– Π Π―Π† Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ дотримуватися ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ–Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ–Π½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Π·Π° Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡŽ: Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ singularia Ρ‚Π° pluralia tantum, Ρ—Ρ…Π½Ρ– Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ– властивості, Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½Ρ– характСристики; власні Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ singularia Ρ‚Π° pluralia tantum; синонімія, антонімія ΠΉ омонімія Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² singularia Ρ‚Π° pluralia tantum; ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·ΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‰ΠΎΒ», Ρ‰ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Ρ” студСнтам ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π²ΠΈΡ‰ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ€Ρ–Π²Π΅Π½ΡŒ володіння Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ–ΠΉΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΡŽ мовою

    Testing and assessment in language education

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