5 research outputs found

    La politique à l'égard de la petite enfance sous la III République. Présentation d'un Cahier de l'INED

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    Rollet Echalier Catherine. La politique Ă  l'Ă©gard de la petite enfance sous la III RĂ©publique. PrĂ©sentation d'un Cahier de l'INED. In: Population, 46ᔉ annĂ©e, n°2, 1991. pp. 349-358

    Constructions juridique, politique et individuelle de la paternité contemporaine

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    Ce travail s inscrit dans une rĂ©flexion Ă  la fois sur la construction Ă©tatique des reprĂ©sentations sociales du pĂšre et sur l impact individuel de ce qui semble ĂȘtre une politique publique de soutien Ă  la paternitĂ©. Je propose ainsi d Ă©valuer l efficacitĂ© de dispositifs publics, le livret de paternitĂ©, le congĂ© de paternitĂ© et la cĂ©rĂ©monie de reconnaissance prĂ©natale Ă  travers les pratiques de ceux qui en sont les cibles. J ai donc finalement dĂ©crit la dialectique existant entre le modĂšle de paternitĂ© se dĂ©gageant des mesures Ă©tudiĂ©es et les reprĂ©sentations et pratiques des pĂšres eux-mĂȘmes.This research articulates the analysis of State constructed social representations of the father and the effect of apparently father-supportive public policies on individuals. In order to evaluate the impact of policies, namely the paternity register (livret de paternitĂ©), the paternity leave and the new ceremony of prenatal acknowledgement, I analysed the social practices of those targeted by these measures. I finally showed the dialectical articulation between a model of paternity underlying these measures, and the actual representations and practices of fathers.ST QUENTIN EN YVELINES-BU (782972101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Les fondements des systÚmes français d'allocations familiales

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    ST QUENTIN EN YVELINES-BU (782972101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Hasard, coïncidence, prédestination et s il fallait plutÎt regarder du cÎté de nos aïeux ? (analyse démographique et historique des réseaux généalogiques et des structures familiales des patients atteints de mucoviscidose en Bretagne)

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    La population Ă  la base de l Ă©tude est constituĂ©e de malades atteints de mucoviscidose, diagnostiquĂ©s au plan clinique et ayant vĂ©cu en Bretagne au cours de ces cinquante derniĂšres annĂ©es. Leurs ascendances, reconstruites avec le soutien des centres de gĂ©nĂ©alogie, rassemblent plus de 250 000 apparentĂ©s. Les caractĂ©ristiques gĂ©nĂ©tiques et gĂ©nĂ©alogiques des patients Ă©tant ainsi connues, l objectif de la thĂšse Ă©tait de prendre appui sur cette base de donnĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©alogiques afin d examiner si les comportements dĂ©mographiques du passĂ© peuvent expliquer la frĂ©quence et la rĂ©partition de la mucoviscidose observĂ©es aujourd hui en Bretagne. Les porteurs partageant une mutation identique sont apparentĂ©s. Les lieux de vie de leurs ancĂȘtres communs ont Ă©tĂ© cartographiĂ©s. Ils indiquent une rĂ©partition diffĂ©rentielle selon les mutations portĂ©es. Ces apparentements gĂ©nĂ©tiques permettent de tracer le chemin empruntĂ© par le gĂšne pour arriver jusqu Ă  nous. Au niveau des ancĂȘtres, l examen des unions a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© des Ăąges au mariage prĂ©coces, notamment pour les femmes, des remariages frĂ©quents, notamment pour les hommes, rĂ©vĂ©lateurs de pratiques matrimoniales fĂ©condes augmentant la probabilitĂ© de transmission gĂ©nĂ©tique. De plus, la stabilitĂ© gĂ©ographique constatĂ©e au moment des noces ne semble pas avoir favorisĂ© la diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique. De plus nous avons calculĂ© qu il existerait un avantage sĂ©lectif Ă  ĂȘtre porteur sain en termes d espĂ©rance de vie. La consanguinitĂ©, souvent Ă©voquĂ©e pour expliquer la frĂ©quence du nombre de malades atteints de mucoviscidose en Bretagne, n a pas Ă©tĂ© un Ă©lĂ©ment dĂ©terminant dans la prĂ©sente Ă©tude. En effet, seulement 0,8 % des malades sont nĂ©s d une union entre parents cousins ou petits-cousins. Au niveau des ancĂȘtres, c est Ă  partir de la 7e gĂ©nĂ©ration que la proportion de paires d individus apparentĂ©s augmente. Ainsi, plus que la consanguinitĂ©, c est l endogamie qui tend Ă  perpĂ©tuer le degrĂ© d homogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique. La prĂ©sence d un gĂšne dĂ©lĂ©tĂšre associĂ© Ă  une forte fĂ©conditĂ©, une population peu mobile au marchĂ© matrimonial restreint ainsi qu un avantage sĂ©lectif des porteurs sains, permettent d expliquer la frĂ©quence et la rĂ©partition de la mucoviscidose Ă  la pointe de la Bretagne aujourd hui. Cette Ă©tude participe au dĂ©veloppement de la connaissance historique, gĂ©ographique et sociale de la maladie au travers de la succession des gĂ©nĂ©rations. Elle prĂ©sente une approche collective de la mutation et non plus individuelle ; elle a aussi un effet de prospective en tant qu outil pour le dĂ©pistage et les soignants.The population at the root of this study is composed of patients clinically diagnosed as suffering from cystic fibrosis and having lived in Brittany some time in the course of the past fifty years. Their ancestry was traced back with the help of genealogy centres and brought together more than 250 000 kinspeople. The resulting data base, built up from these patients genetic and genealogical characteristics, was then used to study how the demographic patterns of the past could explain the frequency and geographical distribution of cystic fibrosis as it appears in today s Brittany. The carriers who share the same CF mutation are kindreds. The mapping of their common ancestors living places shows a differential distribution, depending on specific CF mutations. These genetic relatednesses enable us to trace back the route followed by the CF gene. At the ancestors level, we observed marital unions at an early age, particularly for women, and frequent remarriage, particularly for men. As a consequence, married couples were prolific, thus allowing more genetic transmissions. And the geographical stability that prevailed at the time of the wedding does not seem to produce genetic diversity. Moreover, we reckoned that in terms of life expectancy there might be some selective advantage to being a healthy carrier. Inbreeding - a cause frequently referred to as an explanation for the large number of CF affected patients in Brittany - was in no way a key factor in this study. Only 0,8 % were born from first or second cousin unions. At the ancestors level, we must go back to the 7th generation to see a higher proportion of close kinship. Therefore, more often than consanguinity, endogamy tends to carry on a certain degree of genetic homogeneity. CF frequency of occurrence and its Breton distribution today can be accounted for by the presence of a harmful gene combined with high fertility, a relatively settled population with a limited availability of possible partners, and the selective advantage this harmful gene was for healthy carriers. This study helps to increase historical, geographical and social knowledge of CF throughout successive generations. lt enables us to have a collective more than individual approach of the CF mutation. lt also has t a prospective effect as a tool for the testing center and the staff.BREST-BU Lettres (290192101) / SudocST QUENTIN EN YVELINES-BU (782972101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    A caridade cientĂ­fica: Moncorvo Filho e o Instituto de Proteção e AssistĂȘncia Ă  InfĂąncia do Rio de Janeiro (1899-1930) Scientific charity: Moncorvo Filho and the Instituto de Proteção e AssistĂȘncia Ă  InfĂąncia of Rio de Janeiro (1899-1930)

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    Examina a trajetĂłria do mĂ©dico Arthur Moncorvo Filho e o Instituto de Proteção e AssistĂȘncia Ă  InfĂąncia, fundado por ele em 1899 no Rio de Janeiro, associando-os ao processo de construção da rede institucional de assistĂȘncia Ă  saĂșde infantil no Brasil, na primeira metade do sĂ©culo XX. A partir do pressuposto de que tal processo se deu pela combinação de açÔes filantrĂłpicas, prĂĄticas cientĂ­ficas e investimentos pĂșblicos, aponta-se o papel modelar desempenhado por esse mĂ©dico filantropo, ao articular atividades assistenciais e aplicação de tĂ©cnicas mĂ©dicas inovadoras, e ao propor/reivindicar polĂ­ticas pĂșblicas destinadas Ă  maternidade e Ă  infĂąncia.<br>The article follows the trajectory of Doctor Arthur Moncorvo Filho and the Instituto de Proteção e AssistĂȘncia Ă  InfĂąncia, an organization that he founded in Rio de Janeiro in 1899. It examines them within the context of the construction of Brazil's institutional network in the field of children's health assistance in the first half of the twentieth century, a process that combined philanthropic activities, scientific practices, and public investments. This philanthropic physician played a model role, as he conjoined assistance activities with the application of innovative medical techniques and proposed or called for public policies that targeted motherhood and children
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