8 research outputs found
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Dietary Intake, D3Cr Muscle Mass, and Appendicular Lean Mass in a Cohort of Older Men.
BackgroundWe examined cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns, macronutrient intake, and measures of muscle mass and lean mass in older men.MethodsParticipants in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort (n = 903; mean ± SD age 84.2 ± 4 years) completed brief Block food frequency questionnaires (May 2014-May 2016); factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. The D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method was used to measure muscle mass; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure appendicular lean mass (ALM). Generalized linear models were used to report adjusted means of outcomes by dietary pattern. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine associations between macronutrients and D3Cr muscle mass and DXA ALM. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, race, clinic site, education, depression, total energy intake, height, and percent body fat.ResultsGreater adherence to a Western dietary pattern (high factor loadings for red meat, fried foods, and high-fat dairy) was associated with higher D3Cr muscle mass (p-trend = .026). Adherence to the Healthy dietary pattern (high factor loadings for fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats) was not associated with D3Cr muscle mass or DXA ALM. Total protein (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.14) and nondairy animal protein (β = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.21) were positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass. Nondairy animal protein (β = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.002, 0.11) was positively associated with DXA ALM. Associations with other macronutrients were inconsistent.ConclusionsNondairy animal protein intake (within a Western dietary pattern and alone) was positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass in older men
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Association of Diabetes Mellitus and Biomarkers of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism With Incident Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis.
ObjectiveThe association of diabetes mellitus (DM) with increased risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is uncertain. We evaluated associations of DM and biomarkers of abnormal glucose metabolism with incident radiographic knee OA, controlling for body mass index (BMI).MethodsParticipants (mean ± SD age 60.6 ± 7.8 years; mean ± SD body mass index [BMI] 29.1 ± 4.9 kg/m2 ) were from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study and did not have radiographic knee OA at baseline (Kellgren/Lawrence [K/L] grade <2 bilaterally). A random sample (n = 987) was selected and stratified by BMI. Baseline serum fasting glucose and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured. Participants were categorized as having DM based on self-report, use of medication, or fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl. Incident radiographic knee OA (K/L grade ≥2 or knee replacement) was assessed at 3 follow-up visits (30, 60, and 84 months). Knee-level pooled logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) for associations of DM status and biomarkers of abnormal glucose metabolism with incident radiographic knee OA.ResultsAfter adjustment for BMI, the odds of incident radiographic knee OA were not associated with baseline DM status nor with levels of fasting glucose and HOMA-IR, overall and in men. In women, HOMA-IR was inversely associated with odds of incident radiographic knee OA (adjusted OR 0.80 [95% CI 0.69-0.94], P = 0.005).ConclusionDM and higher levels of biomarkers of abnormal glucose metabolism were not associated with increased odds of incident radiographic knee OA after adjusting for BMI in this cohort overall. A possible protective association of higher HOMA-IR with incident radiographic knee OA in women warrants further investigation
Association of Diabetes Mellitus and Biomarkers of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism With Incident Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis.
ObjectiveThe association of diabetes mellitus (DM) with increased risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is uncertain. We evaluated associations of DM and biomarkers of abnormal glucose metabolism with incident radiographic knee OA, controlling for body mass index (BMI).MethodsParticipants (mean ± SD age 60.6 ± 7.8 years; mean ± SD body mass index [BMI] 29.1 ± 4.9 kg/m2 ) were from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study and did not have radiographic knee OA at baseline (Kellgren/Lawrence [K/L] grade <2 bilaterally). A random sample (n = 987) was selected and stratified by BMI. Baseline serum fasting glucose and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured. Participants were categorized as having DM based on self-report, use of medication, or fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl. Incident radiographic knee OA (K/L grade ≥2 or knee replacement) was assessed at 3 follow-up visits (30, 60, and 84 months). Knee-level pooled logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) for associations of DM status and biomarkers of abnormal glucose metabolism with incident radiographic knee OA.ResultsAfter adjustment for BMI, the odds of incident radiographic knee OA were not associated with baseline DM status nor with levels of fasting glucose and HOMA-IR, overall and in men. In women, HOMA-IR was inversely associated with odds of incident radiographic knee OA (adjusted OR 0.80 [95% CI 0.69-0.94], P = 0.005).ConclusionDM and higher levels of biomarkers of abnormal glucose metabolism were not associated with increased odds of incident radiographic knee OA after adjusting for BMI in this cohort overall. A possible protective association of higher HOMA-IR with incident radiographic knee OA in women warrants further investigation
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Associations of empirically derived dietary patterns and cognitive performance in older men: Results of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine associations between empirically derived dietary pattern scores and cognition, as well as risk of cognitive decline, over an average of 4.6 (± 0.3) years in older men.Materials and methodsThis analysis was conducted as part of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) prospective cohort study. Diet was assessed at Visit 1 (3/2000-4/2002) by food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns (Western and Prudent) were derived by factor analysis. The analytic cohort comprised 4231 community-dwelling American men who were aged 65 years or more. Cognitive function was assessed with the Modified Mini-Mental State exam (3MS) and the Trails B test at Visit 1 and at Visit 2 (3/2005-5/2006). Associations between dietary pattern score and cognition and risk of cognitive decline were estimated using mixed effects regression models. Model 1 was adjusted for age, clinic site and total energy intake (TEI). Model 2 was further adjusted for calcium and vitamin D supplement use, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking, diabetes and hypertension (Western diet group) and education, calcium and vitamin D supplement use, depression, BMI, physical activity, smoking and stroke (Prudent diet group).ResultsAdherence to the Western dietary pattern was associated with higher 3MS scores and shorter Trails B test time at Visit 1 in Model 2. Adherence to the Prudent dietary pattern was associated with higher 3MS scores in Model 1 but not Model 2. There were no independent associations between dietary pattern scores and risk of cognitive decline 4.6 (± 0.3) years later at Visit 2.ConclusionThe results do not support a robust protective effect of the Prudent dietary pattern on cognition in the MrOS cohort. Associations between the Western dietary pattern and better cognitive scores should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to understand the complex interactions between dietary patterns and cognition in older men
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Rest-Activity Rhythms and Cognitive Decline in Older Men: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Sleep Study.
OBJECTIVE:To examine rest-activity circadian rhythm (RAR) and cognitive decline in older men. DESIGN:Longitudinal. SETTING:Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) and ancillary Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Men (MrOS Sleep) studies. PARTICIPANTS:MrOS and MrOS Sleep participants (N=2,754; mean age 76.0 ± 5.3). MEASUREMENTS:The Modified Mini-Mental State examination (3MS) was used to assess cognition at baseline (2003-05) and follow-up examinations (2005-06 and 2007-09). Wrist actigraphy was used to measure 24-hour activity counts at baseline. RAR variables included amplitude (strength of activity rhythm), mesor (mean activity level), pseudo F-statistic (overall circadian rhythm robustness), and acrophase (time of daily peak activity). RESULTS:After an average of 3.4 ± 0.5 years, men with lower amplitudes, mesors, and pseudo F-statistics had greater decline in 3MS performance (amplitude: -0.7 points Q1 vs -0.5 points Q4, p<.001; mesor: -0.5 points Q1 vs -0.2 points Q4, p=.01; pseudo F-statistic: -0.5 points Q1 vs -0.3 points Q4, p<.001). Lower amplitudes and pseudo-F statistics were associated with greater odds of clinically significant cognitive decline (≥5-point decrease) (amplitude Q1 vs. Q4: odds ratio (OR)=1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.0-1.9; pseudo-F statistic Q1 vs Q4: OR=1.4, 95% CI=1.0-1.9). Men with phase-advanced acrophase had greater odds of clinically significant cognitive decline (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.2-2.8). Results were adjusted for multiple confounders. CONCLUSION:Several parameters of disrupted RAR (lower amplitude, pseudo F-statistic, mesor, phase-advanced acrophase) were associated with greater cognitive decline in older community-dwelling men. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence suggesting that altered RARs are associated with cognitive decline in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2136-2143, 2018