Studies regarding the division in Romania of agricultural crops – raw material for biodiesel production

According to Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding the promotion and use of biofuels for transport, Romania is using biodiesel blended with conventional diesel in amount of 4% from 1 July 2008 and in amount of 5 % from 1 January 2011. The main advantages of biodiesel compared to conventional diesel are linked on one hand, to the environmental protection against pollution and on the other hand the annual regeneration of oil crops that can be raw material for biodiesel. There are large areas in Romania with favorable pedo-climatic conditions for the cultivation of these oil crops, the most important being rapeseed, soybean and sunflower. These species have the advantage that they can be fully mechanized thus reducing costs with labor foce. Also the introduction of varieties with high production efficiency rises the productivity of these species. Given these considerations, the areas for growing the biodiesel production crops gain an increasing proportion within Romania's arable territory

Researches on the behavior of actual corn hybrids at different planting dates

The knowledge and application of quantitative and qualitative means of increasing corn production is a major concern of growers and researchers in the field. One of the main factors of increased production in corn is planting dates. Planting at the optimum time favors emergence, growth and development of plants. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the behavior of current corn hybrids at different planting dates, based on a polyfactorial field experience with hybrids of three maturity groups and 4 planting dates. Thus, observations were made during the vegetation period, like: the appreciation of emergences, cold spring resistance, plants condition and uniformity. The yield obtained was analyzed according to planting dates and hybrids. The results highlights the importance of following optimum planting date of corn, which is different depending on: soil temperature, location, soil water reserve, disease and pest pressure, weed pressure, used hybrid, tillage system, etc. The results obtained from the field experience demonstrates the superior production capacity of current hybrids, this is due to the progress in breeding and selection of new corn hybrids

Botany and chemistry of Foeniculum vulgare var. Dulce mill. and Foeniculum vulgare var. Vulgare mill: A review

The Apiaceae family (Umbelliferae) comprises both vegetable and aromatic and medicinal species. Among the most used aromatic species from this family is Foeniculum vulgare Mill, which can be cultivated in various climatic conditions. Foeniculum vulgare ssp. vulgare Mill. can be cultivated using three varieties: Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum Mill., also called bulbing fennel or Florence fennel, Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce Mill. with the common name of sweet fennel and Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare Mill., this variety is known as bitter fennel due to the bitter aroma of the seeds.In this review were presented the results of various publications, reported between 1961 and 2019, on two varieties of fennel, var. dulce and var. vulgare. The publications were selected from the electronic library.Therefor in this article, various botany and chemistry differences between sweet fennel and bitter fennel have been presented

Study of the behaviour of cultivated species of the genus Monarda L. in Vaslui county, to introduce them in cultivation as medicinal, aromatic and decorative plants

Genus Monarda L. comprises about 30 species of annual and perennial medicinal, aromatic and ornamental plants, belonging to family Lamiaceae. The gender is originating in the USA, Canada and Mexico and is grown in Europe, Asia. The best known species are: Monarda didyma L., M. fistulosa L., M.citriodora Cerv. ex Lag, M. punctata L., M. pectinata L, M. clinopodia L., etc.. This paper aims monarda behavior of three species, M. didyma L., M. citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. and M. fistulosa L. in the climatic conditions in Vaslui county, to introduce their culture. The experience has been established both by direct seeding in the experimental field and the seedling, being made biometric measurements and observations to plant. The importance of this study is to determine which of the three species of the genus Monarda L. is most suitable to be cultivated in the climatic conditions of Vaslui county, identifying medicinal qualities, aromatic and ornamental

Contributions regarding the influence of the culture establishing manner on some morphological characters from some Monarda L. Species

The study follows the influence of the culture establishing manner on three morphological characters(plant height on full blossom phenophase, lenght and wideness of the leaves) from three species of the genus Monarda L. cultivated in Moldova, in the year 2013.The experience was conducted in three locations of Moldova (Iasi, Vaslui and Pojorata) including variants established by seed, and variants established by seedling. After observation and biometric measurements, it was found that the seedling established variants had higher values of the characters followed during the plant vegetation perioud

Researches on the behavior of actual corn hybrids at different planting dates

The knowledge and application of quantitative and qualitative means of increasing corn production is a major concern of growers and researchers in the field. One of the main factors of increased production in corn is planting dates. Planting at the optimum time favors emergence, growth and development of plants. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the behavior of current corn hybrids at different planting dates, based on a polyfactorial field experience with hybrids of three maturity groups and 4 planting dates. Thus, observations were made during the vegetation period, like: the appreciation of emergences, cold spring resistance, plants condition and uniformity. The yield obtained was analyzed according to planting dates and hybrids. The results highlights the importance of following optimum planting date of corn, which is different depending on: soil temperature, location, soil water reserve, disease and pest pressure, weed pressure, used hybrid, tillage system, etc. The results obtained from the field experience demonstrates the superior production capacity of current hybrids, this is due to the progress in breeding and selection of new corn hybrids

Studies regarding the influence of pedoclimatic conditions of 2009 year on various quality index for some corn populations

Agricultural sectors can cause environmental contamination, and various pollutants are involved including organic compounds and heavy metals, which need to be studied closely, since they are generally toxic to animals and plants. The main risk is contamination of the water supply or food chain via crops. Impact on agriculture is also arising from unintended adverse effects of herbicide, pesticides and even fertilizers uses on plant life. This paper studied the influence of pedo-climatic conditions of 2009 year on some quality index of various corn populations. Also, it was studied the influence of various chemical compounds use (e.g. fertilizers) on the some corn populations from EzareniIasi, and the followings quality index were analyzed for 30 corn populations: nitrogen, phosphorus and maw protein. The chemical analyses were done considering the harvested grains from 2009 on which after the flouring, the followings were analyzed: nitrogen was analyzed by Kjendal method, and phosphorus by spectrophotometer method. The results showed that there are some variations of nitrogen and crude protein from one population to another, thus for nitrogen it was measured concentrations within 0.56% and 2.2% N, while for phosphorous within 0.27% and 0.75% P. It was observed that for corn populations with a law concentration of nitrogen, the phosphorous concentration is within usual limits, and this conclude that the agro-fond has a deficit in azoth concentration

Behavior of actual corn hybrids (Zea mays l.) in drought and heat conditions

Although Romania is not an area with a extreme water stress, drought manifested from the end of July 2011 until September 2012 caused pedological drought. The winter snow from 2011-2012 was not sufficient to recover the water deficit. The south-east part of Romania was one the most affected area. First negative effect of the drought shown in corn was uneven emergence in the spring. The explanation of the phenomena is that the autumn plowing was done in though conditions resulting earth boulders which retained the water that in spring help only a part of the seeds to germinate and emerge. The other seeds germinated approximately after two weeks with the first rain. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of water and heat stress during different growth stages in actual corn hybrids (Zea mays L.). The research methodology involves observations in vegetation in six locations to determine the effects of water stress, during vegetation. The water stress influence on different corn hybrids yield was determined in a polyfactorial field experiment (Siretel, Iasi County). The studied factors were: the hybrid (3 maturity groups) and planting dates (4 periods). During flowering and silking time, drought caused different abnormalities in corn husks and ears resulting in decreasing the yield. The hybrids behavior according to planting time was not significantly different in the field experiment, because the water and heat stress did not allowed the genetic potential to be maximum exploited

Researches on tillers appearance on actual corn hybrids (Zea mays l.), in the eastern part of Romania

Farmers frequently face abnormalities in corn when the crop experienced a major stress. Severe climatic conditions (for instance, hail, frost or flood), which destroy or affect the plant's growth top, can lead to tillers appearance and unproductive plants. The tillers are actually branches that are developed from axillary buds from the bottom of plant stem. The tillers are similar in morphology, with the main stem and are able to form their own root system, nodes, internodes, leaves, female and male flowers. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of corn tillers on actual hybrids in the eastern part of Romania and to identify the major stress factors that have led them. The research methodology involved observations in vegetation, such as: climatic factors, applied technology, major stress factors (drought, extreme temperatures, damage caused by chemicals applied wrong), etc. The tillers appearance in the studied locations was facilitated by the following causes: post-emergence spring cold, the stress of herbicides application after 6-8 leaf stage, inadequate density, well supplied soil in nutrients etc