IC₅₀ values of V_HH D7 against HIV-1 IIIB in TZM-bl cells.

*<p>) Experiments were carried out in duplicate wells.</p

Structure of the llama heavy chain antibody fragment V_HH D7.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Ribbon representation of D7; the complementarity determining regions (CDR) are highlighted in yellow (CDR1), orange (CDR2) and salmon (CDR3). The first and last residue of each CDR is shown together with the side chain of Trp⁹⁶ critical for gp120 interaction and neutralization. The dotted line indicates CDR3 residues lacking continuous main chain density for residues Arg¹⁰⁰ to Ser^100B. (<b>B</b>) A close-up of the CDR interaction network reveals multiple polar interactions between CDR1 and CDR3 as well as CDR2 and CDR3.</p

X-ray data collection and refinement statistics.

<p>X-ray data collection and refinement statistics.</p

Binding affinities of D7 wild type and D7 mutants to gp120 (IIIB).

<p>Binding affinities of D7 wild type and D7 mutants to gp120 (IIIB).</p

Solvent accessible areas of CDR3 D7 residues.

<p>Solvent accessible areas of CDR3 D7 residues.</p

Structure based sequence alignment of D7 with V_HH A12 and C8 as well as with the V_H domains from the neutralizing antibodies b12, b13, F105 and m18.

<p>The residue numbering is according to Chothia <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0010482#pone.0010482-Chothia1" target="_blank">[38]</a> and the CDRs are indicated by coloured bars.</p

Comparison of CDR2 and CDR3 from D7, b12, b13, F105 and m18 indicates different modes of gp120 interaction.

<p>The Cα atoms of the heavy chain variable domains (b12 pdb code 2NY7; F105 pdb code 3HI1; b13 pdb code 3IDX; m18 pdb code 2AJ3) were superimposed and the CDR H2 and H3 are represented in the same orientation. Amino acids are labelled using the one letter code for clarity. (<b>A</b>) All CDR3 loops expose aromatic residues at their apex. (<b>B</b>) The CDR2 of D7 varies from CDR H2 of b12 indicating a different mode of gp120 interaction. Residues implicated in gp120 interaction are highlighted in orange.</p

Conventional, gel-based PCR-assays for the detection of lyssavirus species other than RABV.

<p>Conventional, gel-based PCR-assays for the detection of lyssavirus species other than RABV.</p

Real-time PCR-assays for the detection of RABV.

<p>Real-time PCR-assays for the detection of RABV.</p

Real-time PCR-assays for the detection of lyssavirus species other than RABV.

<p>Real-time PCR-assays for the detection of lyssavirus species other than RABV.</p