Check General Root and Mesocotyl Health when Assessing Corn Stands

This growing season has started out cool with slow heat unit accumulation with frequent precipitation events across the state keeping soils wet. Although some are still out planting corn, there are some fields where corn is at growth stage V2. Reports of seedling blights are beginning to filter in

Disease management in corn-following-corn fields

Disease management is necessary in any crop to protect yield. An integrated approach using several practices is usually recommended. In corn production, the most commonly recommended disease management tactics include hybrid selection, rotation, residue management, and fungicide applications. In corn-on-corn fields, since rotation is not being practiced, the potential for yield loss due to increased disease is greater

Seedling Diseases Reported in Corn and Soybean

Several reports of losses in corn stand due to seedling disease are being reported from eastern Iowa. In the May 15 Crop Minute Roger Elmore reminds us that we have had a long corn planting season that began in mid-March and is still going in mid-May. Most of the seedling disease issues that are being reported are from fields that were planted April 23 to 27, just before we had a period of cold wet conditions and soil temperatures dipped back down below 50 F

A Bayesian space–time model for clustering areal units based on their disease trends

Population-level disease risk across a set of non-overlapping areal units varies in space and time, and a large research literature has developed methodology for identifying clusters of areal units exhibiting elevated risks. However, almost no research has extended the clustering paradigm to identify groups of areal units exhibiting similar temporal disease trends. We present a novel Bayesian hierarchical mixture model for achieving this goal, with inference based on a Metropolis-coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo ((MC) 3 ) algorithm. The effectiveness of the (MC) 3 algorithm compared to a standard Markov chain Monte Carlo implementation is demonstrated in a simulation study, and the methodology is motivated by two important case studies in the United Kingdom. The first concerns the impact on measles susceptibility of the discredited paper linking the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination to an increased risk of Autism and investigates whether all areas in the Scotland were equally affected. The second concerns respiratory hospitalizations and investigates over a 10 year period which parts of Glasgow have shown increased, decreased, and no change in risk

Further elucidating the steroid isomerisation reaction mechanism of GSTA3-3

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2017.Glutathione S-transferase A3-3 is the most catalytically efficient steroid isomerase enzyme known in humans, transforming Δ5-androstene-3-17-dione into Δ4-androstene-3-17-dione. Though its mechanism of action remains unsolved. GSTA3-3 catalyses this reaction with at least ten-fold greater efficiency than GSTA1-1, its closest competitor in the Alpha class of GSTs. In order to examine the differences between Alpha class GSTs and to better elucidate the mechanism of GSTA3-3 the roles of Tyr9 and Arg15 were examined. Tyr9 is the major catalytic residue of Alpha class GSTs and Arg15 is proposed to be catalytically important to GSTA3-3 but never before experimentally examined. While the structure and stability of the Alpha class enzymes are highly comparable, subtle differences at the G-site of the enzymes account for GSTA3-3 having a ten-fold greater affinity for the substrate GSH. Y9F and R15L mutations, singly or together, have no effect on the structure and stability of GSTA3-3 (the same effect they have on GSTA1-1) despite the R15L mutation removing an interdomain salt-bridge at the active site. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry also revealed that neither mutation had a significant effect on the conformational dynamics of GSTA3-3. The R15L and Y9F mutations are equally important to the specific activity of the steroid isomerase reaction; however, Arg15 is more important for lowering the pKa of GSH. Lowering the pKa of GSH being how GSTs catalyse their reactions. This suggests an additional role for Tyr9, with an important mechanistic implication. Factoring in the inability to detect an intermediate during the reaction, all data are in agreement with the mechanism being concerted and that Tyr9 acts as a proton shuttle. Additionally, there is evidence to suggest that Arg15 is integral to allowing GSTA3-3 to differentiate between Δ5-androstene-3-17-dione and Δ4-androstene-3-17-dione, indicating that Arg15 is a more important active-site residue than previously recognized.LG201

Characteristics of Corn Left Standing Through Winter 2009-2010 in Iowa

Very wet conditions in October 2009 and early snowfalls in November resulted in several thousand acres of corn left standing through the winter in Iowa. Considering the grain quality issues that ended the growing season, concerns were raised regarding the quality of corn left standing over the winter

Violencia doméstica y venta de cosa ajena

Traballo fin de grao (UDC.DER). Grao en Dereito. Curso 2015/201

Impact of hail damage on grain quality

Two large and severe hail storms occurred in Iowa during the 2009 growing season. The first occurred on July 24, 2009 in northeast Iowa and caused damage to over 400,000 crop acres, with at least 10 percent of this acreage receiving around 100 percent yield loss. The second storm occurred on August 9, 2009. This storm travelled approximately 150 miles, from Western Sac and Ida counties to Eastern Grundy county. This hail swath was about 10 miles wide, between highways IA175 and US20, with 3 miles in the middle being almost completely lost. In both storms, the stones were large, and created major damage to plants. In the second storm, developing grain also was affected raising concerns about marketability of grain from hail damaged areas and potential mycotoxin contamination. As corn producers in the affected areas made decisions about the management of their damaged crops, the most common question they had was, “what impact does hail damage have on grain quality, ear rot severity and mycotoxin contamination?

The Mandelstam-Leibbrandt Prescription in Light Cone Quantization Gauge Theories

Quantization of gauge theories on characteristic surfaces and in the light-cone gauge is discussed. Implementation of the Mandelstam-Leibbrandt prescription for the spurious singularity is shown to require two distinct null planes, with independent degrees of freedom initialized on each. The relation of this theory to the usual light-cone formulation of gauge field theory, using a single null plane, is described. A connection is established between this formalism and a recently given operator solution to the Schwinger model in the light-cone gauge

Virus-Phomopsis interactions on soybean and the effects of insect and disease management practices

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is affected by several seed-borne pathogens that reduce seed quality, affecting both marketability (Gergerich, 1999; Koning et al. 2001) and germination (Sinclair, 1999). One of the most common seedborne diseases is Phomopsis seed decay, primarily caused by Phomopsis longicolla T. W. Hobbs, a member of the Diaporthe-Phomopsis complex (Sinclair, 1999). Fungi of this complex are widespread throughout most of the soybean producing areas around the world, and the biggest impacts on seed and grain quality are physical damage, reduction in germination, alteration in protein content and reduction of oil quality (Meriles et al., 2004; Sinclair, 1999)