Etnobotani: Tumbuhan Ritual Keagamaan Hindu-Bali

Pulau Bali dikenal sebagai pulau seribu pura dengan mayoritas penduduk beragama Hindu menggunakan tumbuhan dalam kegiatan ritual keagamaan Hindu-Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui macam-macam tumbuhan ritual keagamaan Hindu-Bali. Penelitian ini terkait etnobotani yang dilaksanakan pada bulan April tahun 2018 pada tiga lokasi yaitu kebun raya Bali, taman wisata alam Danau Buyan, dan Pura Ulun Danu Beratan, Kabupaten Tabanan dan Buleleng, Bali. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Narasumber ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dan simple random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan melalui deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan terdapat 101 spesies tumbuhan yang digunakan dalam ritual keagamaan Hindu-Bali. Bagian umbi 11 spesies, bagian batang 10 spesies, bagian biji 5 spesies, bagian daun 29 spesies, bagian bunga 17 spesies, bagian buah 9 spesies, dan bagian kulit batang 20 spesies. Mayarakat Hindu-Bali mempercayai bahwa suatu warna melambangkan dewa, yaitu kuning melambangkan Mahadewa, hitam melambangkan Dewa Wisnu, putih melambangkan Dewa Shiwa, dan merah melambangkan dewa Brahma.Kata kunci: Etnobotani, Hindu-Bali, tumbuhan ritual Etnobotani: hindu-Bali religious ritual plant. Bali Island is known as the Thousand Pura Island with a Hindu population used in Hindu-Balinese religious ritual activities. The study of botany relating to the culture of society is called Ethnobotany. Types of Hindu-Balinese religious rituals. The study was conducted in April 2018 at three locations in the Bali Botanic Garden, Danau Buyan Nature Park, and Ulun Danu Beratan Temple, Tabanan and Buleleng regency, Bali Province. Data collected through interview techniques, observation, and literature study. The informants were determined by purposive sampling and simple random sampling techniques. Data analysis was performed through descriptive qualitative. The results found 101 species of plants used in Hindu-Balinese religious rituals. Tuber parts 11 species, 10 stem species, 20 bark species, 29 leaf species, 17 flower species, 9 fruit species, and 5 species seeds. Hindu-Balinese people believe that one of the colors symbolizes deity, namely yellow symbolizes Mahadeva, black symbolizes Lord Vishnu, white symbolizes Lord Shiva, and red symbolizes the Brahma

Predicting Environmental Problem-solving Skills with A Dynamic System in Elementary Education

Numerous environmental problems drive discussion to solve them. Students require environmental problem-solving skills to solve the existing problems. The study aimed to describe environmental problem-solving skills in Elementary Education. The research method is descriptive using a system dynamics approach. Instrument of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) used to measure students score in environmental topic. Sample was chosen by simple random sampling. The research used VENSIM software to create the modeling. The research results indicate that the score of the environmental problem-solving skills tends to increase due to the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB). Moreover, there are other influencing factors including learning media and students' activity in their environment. An increase of 5 points in the environmental problem-solving skills every year will be derived if the teachers perform various learning innovations. The research concludes that environmental problem-solving skills in low category and can be improve by various learning innovations