DEVELOPING MEAT PRODUCTIVITY IN BULL CALVES OF DIFFERENT DGAT1 GENOTYPES

The given research aims to study the way meat productivity in special-purpose beef bull calves of different DGAT1 genotypes is developed. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that an assessment of the meat productivity of Hereford and Limousin bulls of different DGAT1 genotypes was conducted for the first time. Calves were cultivated using elements of resource-saving technology. The research subject was Hereford male young stock (91 heads) and Limousin bull calves (109 heads), which were genotyped by SNP DGAT1-K232A. Live weight, average daily gains, and body size and conformation indices were analyzed. Hematological values and carcass quality of bull calves of different genotypes were studied. As a result of genotyping, young animals of both breeds had a similar distribution of genotypes (DGAT1KK>DGAT1KA>DGAT1AA) and alleles (DGAT1K>DGAT1A). There was no effect of the studied gene polymorphism on growth, body development, and hematological parameters, as bull calves of different DGAT1 genotypes did not show a significant difference between weight and linear growth, blood morphological parameters, the content of protein, and its fractions. SNP DGAT1-K232A was found to affect fat deposition. Thus, carcasses of both studied breeds of DGAT1K genotype had a significantly higher content of internal raw fat, and fat yield was (P<0.05) than carcasses of DGAT1AA genotype bull calves. Therefore, genotyping by SNP DGAT1-K232A can be used in the selection of special-purpose beef cattle as an additional criterion to produce meat of a higher energy value

Iinfluence of calpastatin gene polymorphism (

The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of SNP CAST 283 on the development of meat qualities in young cattle of Hereford and Limousin breeds in postnatal ontogenesis. The objectives of the study included: genotyping of young cattle by SNP CAST C283T, determination of genotypic structure, allelic state, level of genetic diversity and equilibrium of the studied herds of Hereford and Limousin cattle, study of live weight dynamics in postnatal ontogenesis, post-slaughter carcass evaluation, chemical composition of beef and structural and mechanical properties of meat obtained from steers of different genotypes. The results of genotyping of bulls of Hereford and Limousin breeds by SNP CAST C283T, testify to high frequency of occurrence in both herds of genotype CASTSS and low desirable genotype CASTTT (7.5% in Herefords and 4.18% in Limousins), a low frequency of the allele CASTT (0.29 and 0.26) was noted. In our studies, no significant relationship of the studied SNP CAST C283T with weight growth, post-slaughter parameters and chemical composition of meat of steers of different genotypes was found. There was a significant association of the studied polymorphism with lower cutting force of the longest muscle of the back in steers with the genotype CASTTT at the end of the first day and on the third day of the experiment, which allows us to recommend this polymorphism as a marker of "tenderness" of beef in selection work with Hereford and Limousin cattle

Slaughter qualities and by-product yield in Limousin bull calves of different genotypes

The study aimed to provide a comparative analysis of post- slaughter performance and by-product yield obtained from purebred Limousin bull calves of different genotypes. The purposes of the study were to fatten bull calves, offspring of mothers of different origin, as well as carcasses and by-products obtained as a result of their control slaughter. The bull calves were raised according to the technology of beef cattle breeding with elements of resource saving. The control slaughter of the bull calves was carried out when they reached the required meat condition at the age of 18 months. In the course of the research, it was established that the bull calves obtained from mothers of French selection significantly exceeded (p˂0.01) the peers obtained from mothers of Australian origin in live pre- slaughter weight of 34.6 kg (6.5%), in carcass weight of 30.8 kg (9.8%); in slaughter weight of 30,6 kg (9.4%). Bulls derived from local selection mothers had significantly (p˂0.05) higher slaughter weight by 16.3 kg (4.4%) compared to peers whose mothers were of Australian origin. Significant differences between groups in weight and yield of byproducts were not revealed; however, there was a tendency to increase the weight of organs in the groups of animals with high preslaughter live weight (bull calves of the first and third experimental groups). Based on the obtained data, it can be assumed that breeding of the ancestors of the studied animals for a long period of time under conditions of different breeding, housing and feeding technologies influences the meat qualities of carcasses obtained by their offspring, Limousin bull calves, which are descendants of mothers of different origin

hUNC93B1: a novel human gene representing a new gene family and encoding an unc-93-like protein

We have identified a novel human gene UNC93B1 encoding a protein related to unc-93 of Caenorhabditis elegans. The combined sequence derived from several cDNA clones is 2282 bp and comparison with genomic sequence shows that the gene contains 11 exons. The longest open reading frame encodes a deduced sequence of 597 amino acids. Homology analysis shows that the hUNC93B1 gene is highly conserved and related to sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana, C. elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, chicken and mouse. Structural analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of hUNC93B1 points to possible existence of multiple membrane-spanning domains. hUNC93B1 protein also displays some similarities to the bacterial ABC-2 type transporter signature and to ion transporters of Deinococcus radiodurans and Helicobacter pylori. As revealed by Northern analysis, the level of expression varies significantly between tissues, with the highest level detected in the heart. The gene was mapped to chromosomal band 11q13 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. We suggest that this gene is a member of a novel hUNC93B-related gene family

A new approach to genome mapping and sequencing: slalom libraries

We describe here an efficient strategy for simultaneous genome mapping and sequencing. The approach is based on physically oriented, overlapping restriction fragment libraries called slalom libraries. Slalom libraries combine features of general genomic, jumping and linking libraries. Slalom libraries can be adapted to different applications and two main types of slalom libraries are described in detail. This approach was used to map and sequence (with ∼46% coverage) two human P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) clones, each of ∼100 kb. This model experiment demonstrates the feasibility of the approach and shows that the efficiency (cost-effectiveness and speed) of existing mapping/sequencing methods could be improved at least 5–10-fold. Furthermore, since the efficiency of contig assembly in the slalom approach is virtually independent of length of sequence reads, even short sequences produced by rapid, high throughput sequencing techniques would suffice to complete a physical map and a sequence scan of a small genome

Increase of Faecal Tryptic Activity Relates to Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome: Analysis of Crohn's Disease with a Multidisciplinary Platform

<div><p>Objective</p><p>To investigate—by molecular, classical and functional methods—the microbiota in biopsies and faeces from patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) and controls.</p><p>Design</p><p>The microbiota in biopsies was investigated utilizing a novel molecular method and classical cultivation technology. Faecal samples were investigated by classical technology and four functional methods, reflecting alterations in short chain fatty acids pattern, conversion of cholesterol and bilirubin and inactivation of trypsin.</p><p>Results</p><p>By molecular methods we found more than 92% similarity in the microbiota on the biopsies from the two groups. However, 4.6% of microbes found in controls were lacking in CD patients. Furthermore, NotI representation libraries demonstrate two different clusters representing CD patients and controls, respectively. Utilizing conventional technology, Bacteroides (alt. Parabacteroides) was less frequently detected in the biopsies from CD patients than from controls. A similar reduction in the number of Bacteroides was found in faecal samples. Bacteroides is the only group of bacteria known to be able to inactivate pancreatic trypsin. Faecal tryptic activity was high in CD patients, and inversely correlated to the levels of Bacteroides.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>CD patients have compositional and functional alterations in their intestinal microbiota, in line with the global description hypothesis rather than the candidate microorganism theory. The most striking functional difference was high amount of faecal tryptic activity in CD patients, inversely correlated to the levels of <i>Bacteroides</i> in faeces.</p></div

Microflora associated characteristics (MACs) of the CD patients (n = 4) and controls (n = 5). Concentrations of relevant short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in faeces (mmol/kg) (mean and range).

<p>Microflora associated characteristics (MACs) of the CD patients (n = 4) and controls (n = 5). Concentrations of relevant short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in faeces (mmol/kg) (mean and range).</p