Results of relative risk regression analyses for diabetic retinopathy, secondary analyses.

a<p>Other refers to anyone without DQ2, DQ8 or DQ6.</p><p>RR: relative risk.</p><p>DQ6: DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-B1*0602.</p><p>DQ8: DRB1*04-DQA1*0301-B1*0302.</p><p>DQ2: DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-B1*0201.</p><p>GADA: glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies.</p><p>WHO: World Health Organization.</p><p>JDF-U: Juvenile Diabetes Foundation Units.</p><p>ICA: islet cell autoantibodies.</p><p>IA-2A: insulinoma antigen 2 autoantibodies.</p

Characteristics of participants at the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus^a by islet autoantibody status.

a<p>Positive for GADA, ICA, IA-2A (first blood draw after diagnosis) or IAA (during the 1^st month after diagnosis).</p>b<p>glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA) positive >21.2 WHO units/ml.</p>c<p>islet cell autoantibody (ICA) positive >6 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation Units.</p>d<p>insulinoma antigen 2 autoantibody (IA-2A) positive >5.88 WHO units/ml.</p><p>SD: standard deviation.</p><p>WHO: World Health Organization.</p><p>IQR: Inter-quartile Range.</p><p>JDF-U: Juvenile Diabetes Foundation Units.</p><p>BMI: body mass index.</p

Characteristics of participants 15 years after the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus^a by islet autoantibody status.

a<p>Positive for GADA, ICA, IA-2A (first blood draw after diagnosis) or IAA (during the 1st month after diagnosis).</p>b<p>glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody positive >21.2 WHO units/ml.</p>c<p>islet cell autoantibody positive >6 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation Units.</p>d<p>insulinoma antigen 2 autoantibody positive >5.88 WHO units/ml.</p>e<p>Self-report, if missing NDR report.</p>f<p>Smoked more than 100 cigarettes since the onset of diabetes.</p

Results of relative risk regression analyses for diabetic retinopathy, primary analysis.

a<p>Other refers to anyone without DQ2, DQ8 or DQ6.</p><p>RR: relative risk.</p><p>DQ6: DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-B1*0602.</p><p>DQ8: DRB1*04-DQA1*0301-B1*0302.</p><p>DQ2: DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-B1*0201.</p><p>GADA: glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies.</p><p>WHO: World Health Organization.</p><p>JDF-U: Juvenile Diabetes Foundation Units.</p><p>ICA: islet cell autoantibodies.</p><p>IA-2A: insulinoma antigen 2 autoantibodies.</p

Characteristics of participants 15 years after the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus^a by HLA genotype.

a<p>Positive for GADA, ICA, IA-2A (first blood draw after diagnosis) or IAA (during the 1st month after diagnosis).</p>b<p>Self-report, if missing NDR report.</p>c<p>Smoked more than 100 cigarettes since the onset of diabetes.</p><p>HLA: human leukocyte antigen.</p><p>DQ6: DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-B1*0602.</p><p>DQ8: DRB1*04-DQA1*0301-B1*0302.</p><p>DQ2: DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-B1*0201.</p><p>SD: standard deviation.</p><p>HTN: hypertension.</p

Flow diagram of study participants.

<p>Flow diagram of study participants.</p

Grade of retinopathy by eye from 235 participants with fundus photos.

<p>Grade of retinopathy by eye from 235 participants with fundus photos.</p

Association results of index CRP loci (7–10) in Singaporean datasets.

<p>22 SNPs were genotyped or imputed and passed QC procedures in all 3 datasets and were combined in a meta-analysis (see Table S5 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0067650#pone.0067650.s001" target="_blank">File S1</a> for full results). Significant results (p-value <0.05) in bold.</p><p>TAF: Test allele frequency. ^† Variants which were significant but not directionally consistent with previous European study (7).</p>*<p>Mean allele frequency from 3 SNP-chips used for the SP2 study. Q_pvalue <0.1 indicates between study heterogeneity.</p

Comparison of observed and expected association results for rs2794520 and CRVE in A) SP2, B) SiMES and C) SINDI datasets.

<p>Observed regression values presented in black and estimated values presented in gray. Regression models were adjusted for age and sex in SP2 and age, sex and population stratification (first 2 principal components in SiMES and first 3 principal components in SINDI only).</p

Linear regression of rs2794520 with CRVE and CRAE traits in datasets used in the study.

<p>The test allele for rs2794520 was the G allele.</p><p>Estimated power: based on average predicted effect estimate (0.45 µm CRVE) from SiMES, SP2 and SINDI datasets (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0067650#pone-0067650-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>) and a minor allele frequency of 0.40, at α = 0.05.</p