Impact of micronutrients supplementation on bone repair around implants: microCT and counter-torque analysis in rats

The use of natural substances and micronutritional approaches has been suggested as a therapeutic alternative to benefit the bone healing associated with no side effects. Nevertheless, the influence of micronutritional interventions with therapeutic propr2414551sem informaçãosem informaçã

Evaluation Of The Use Of Systemic Antimicrobial Agents By Professionals For The Treatment Of Periodontal Diseases

Aim: To investigate the indication of systemic antimicrobial agents used by dental professionals for treatment of patients affected by periodontal diseases. Methods: Interviews by a questionnaire were held with 225 professionals of different dental specialties and who performed periodontal treatment. Results: Among interviewees, 94% indicated systemic antibiotics as a form of periodontal disease treatment. Their main indication was for periodontal abscesses (80%) followed by aggressive periodontitis (62%) and necrotizing diseases (45%). The most frequently used antibiotics were amoxicillin (81%) and metronidazole (57%). The medications were indicated in association with mechanical therapy by 67% of the professionals. As regards the occasion of indication, 60% indicated systemic antibiotic therapy before and after mechanical periodontal scaling and root planing. Seventy-eight percent of the professionals indicated antibiotics associated with periodontal surgery for access to scaling, and 76% indicated it before and after the surgical procedure. Among the interviewees, 99% took into account systemic involvement for drug administration. Conclusions: It was concluded that a considerable portion of professionals indicate systemic antibiotic-therapy in an incoherent manner and in situations in which there is no indication for antibiotic use, or with ineffective protocols.124285291Herrera, D., Matesanz, P., Bascones-Martínez, A., Sanz, M., Local and systemic antimicrobial therapy in periodontics (2012) J Evid Based Dent Pract., 12, pp. 50-60Matarazzo, F., Figueiredo, L.C., Cruz, S.E., Faveri, M., Feres, M., Clinical and microbiological benefits of systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin in the treatment of smokers with chronic periodontitis: a randomized placebo controlled study (2008) J Clin Periodontol., 35, pp. 885-896Cionca, N., Giannopoulou, C., Ugolotti, G., Mombelli, A., Amoxicillin and metronidazole as an adjunct to full-mouth scaling and root planing of chronic periodontitis (2009) J Periodontol., 80, pp. 364-371Sgolastra, F., Gatto, R., Petrucci, A., Monaco, A., Effectiveness of systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole as adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and metaanalysis (2012) J Periodontol., 83, pp. 1257-1269Mestnik, M.J., Feres, M., Figueiredo, L.C., Duarte, P.M., Lira, E.A.G., Faveri, M., Short-term benefits of the adjunctive use of metronidazole plus amoxicillin in the microbial profile and in clinical parameters of subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis (2010) J Clin Periodontol., 37, pp. 353-365Yek, E.C., Citan, S., Topcuoglu, N., Kulekci, G., Issever, H., Kantarci, A., Efficacy of amoxicillin and metronidazole combination for the management of generalized aggressive periodontitis (2010) J Periodontol., 81, pp. 964-974Rodrigues, A.S., Louren, O.D.S., Lima Neto, L.G., Pannuti, C.M., Crespo Hirata, R.D., Hirata, M.H., Clinical and microbiological evaluation, by real-time pcr, of non-surgical treatment of aggressive periodontitis associated with amoxicillin and metronidazole (2012) J Periodontol., 83, pp. 744-752Silva, M.P., Feres, M., Sirotto, T.A., Soares, G.M., Mendes, J.A., Faveri, M., Clinical and microbiological benefits of metronidazole alone or with amoxicillin as adjuncts in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial (2011) J Clin Periodontol., 38, pp. 828-837Arweiler, N.B., Pietruska, M., Skurska, A., Doliñska, E., Pietruski, J.K., Bläs, M., Nonsurgical treatment of aggressive periodontitis with photodynamic therapy or systemic antibiotics. Three-month results of a randomized, prospective, controlled clinical study (2013) Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed., 123, pp. 532-544Silva-Senem, M.X., Heller, D., Varela, V.M., Torres, M.C., Feres-Filho, E.J., Colombo, A.P., Clinical and microbiological effects of systemic antimicrobials combined to an anti-infective mechanical debridement for the management of aggressive periodontitis: a 12-month randomized controlled trial (2013) J Clin Periodontol., 40, pp. 242-251Zandbergen, D., Slot, D.E., Cobb, C.M., Van der Weijden, F.A., The clinical effect of scaling and root planing and the concomitant administration of systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole: a systematic review (2013) J Periodontol., 84, pp. 332-351Haas, A.N., De Castro, G.D., Moreno, T., Susin, C., Albandar, J.M., Oppermann, R.V., Azithromycin as an adjunctive treatment of aggressive periodontitis: 12-months randomized clinical trial (2008) J Clin Periodontol., 35, pp. 696-704Sampaio, E., Rocha, M., Figueiredo, L.C., Faveri, M., Duarte, P.M., Gomes Lira, E.A., Clinical and microbiological effects of azithromycin in the treatment of generalized chronic periodontitis: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial (2011) J Clin Periodontol., 38, pp. 838-846Han, B., Emingil, G., Ozdemir, G., Tervahartiala, T., Vural, C., Atilla, G., Azithromycin as an adjunctive treatment of generalized severe chronic periodontitis: clinical, microbiological and biochemical parameters (2012) J Periodontol., 83, pp. 1480-1491Sigusch, B., Beier, M., Klinger, G., Pfister, W., Glockmann, E., A 2-step nonsurgical procedure and systemic antibiotics in the treatment of rapidly progressive periodontitis (2001) J Periodontol., 72, pp. 275-283Pradeep, A.R., Kathariya, R., Clarithromycin, as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy for chronic periodontitis: A double blinded, placebo controlled, randomized clinical trial (2011) Arch Oral Biol., 56, pp. 1112-1119Cionca, N., Giannopoulou, C., Ugolotti, G., Mombelli, A., Microbiologic testing and outcomes of full-mouth scaling and root planing with or without amoxicillin/metronidazole in chronic periodontitis (2010) J Periodontol., 81, pp. 15-23Colombo, A.P., Teles, R.P., Torres, M.C., Rosalem, W., Mendes, M.C., Souto, R.M., Effects of non-surgical mechanical therapy on the subgingival microbiota of Brazilians with untreated chronic periodontitis: 9-month results (2005) J Periodontol., 76, pp. 778-784Marsh, P.D., Dental plaque: biological significance of a biofilm and community lifestyle (2005) J Clin Periodontol., 32, pp. 7-15Feres, M., Haffajee, A.D., Allard, K., Som, S., Goodson, S., Socransky, S.S., Antibiotic resistance of subgingival species during and after antibiotic therapy (2002) J Clin Periodontol., 29, pp. 724-735Goossens, H., Causal link confirmed between antibiotic use and resistance (2007) Lancet., 369, pp. 482-90Ardila, C.M., Granada, M.I., Guzmán, I.C., Antibiotic resistance of subgingival species in chronic periodontitis patients (2010) J Periodontal Res., 45, pp. 557-563Casati, M.Z., Nociti Junior, F.H., Sallum, E.A., Toledo, S., Sallum, A.W., Evaluation of using antimicrobial agents in the therapy of periodontal diseases (1996) Periodontics., 5, pp. 335-340Herrera, D., Roldan, S., Sanz, M., The periodontal abscess: a review (2000) J Clin Periodontol., 27, pp. 377-386Lypka, M., Hammoudeh, J., Dentoalveolar infections (2011) Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am., 23, pp. 415-424Herrera, D., Roldan, S., O'Connor, A., Sanz, M., The periodontal abscess (II). Short term clinical and microbiological efficacy of 2 systemic antibiotic regimes (2000) J ClinPeriodontol., 27, pp. 395-404Bermejo-Fenoll, A., Sánchez-Pérez, A., Necrotising periodontal diseases (2004) Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 9 (SUPPL.), pp. 114-9. , 108-114Haffajee, A.D., Torresyap, G., Socransky, S.S., Clinical changes following four different periodontal therapies for the treatment of chronic periodontitis: 1 year results (2007) J Clin Periodontol., 34, pp. 243-253Albandar, J.M., Adjunctive antibiotics with nonsurgical periodontal therapy improve the clinical outcome of chronic periodontitis in current smokers (2012) J Evid Based Dent Pract., 12, pp. 63-66Mascarenhas, P., Gapski, R., Al-Shammari, K., Hill, R., Soehren, S., Fenno, J.C., Clinical response of azithromycin as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy in smokers (2005) J Periodontol., 76, pp. 426-436Angaji, M., Gelskey, S., Nogueira-Filho, G., Brothwell, D., A systematic review of clinical efficacy of adjunctive antibiotics in the treatment of smokers with periodontitis (2010) J Periodontol., 81, pp. 1518-1528Herrera, D., Alonso, B., Leon, R., Roldan, S., Sanz, M., Antimicrobial therapy in periodontitis: the use of systemic antimicrobials against the subgingival biofilm (2008) J Clin Periodontol., 35, pp. 45-66Powell, C.A., Mealey, B.L., Deas, D., McDonnell, H.T., Mortiz, A.J., Post-surgical infections: prevalence associated with various periodontal surgical procedures (2005) J Periodontol., 76, pp. 329-333Wilson, W., Taubert, K.A., Gewitz, M., Lockhart, P.B., Baddour, L.M., Levison, M., Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association (2007) J Am Dent Assoc, 138, pp. 739-745. , A guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group.747-760Slots, J., Low-cost periodontal therapy (2012) Periodontol. 2000, 60, pp. 110-13

A qualitative study of GPs' views towards obesity : are they fighting or giving up?

Objectives: Several studies indicate that general practitioners (GPs) are not taking the issue of obesity as seriously as they should. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand GPs' views about obesity and obese people and how these professionals perceive their role in the treatment of this disease. Study design: Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Methods: Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with Portuguese GPs. Data were analyzed according to thematic analysis procedures. Results: GPs are negative about their own role in obesity treatment. Although they believe it is part of their job to advise obese patients on the health risks of obesity, the majority of doctors think they are not making any difference in getting their patients to make long term lifestyle changes. GPs hold negative attitudes towards these patients blaming them for being unmotivated and non-compliant and are also pessimistic about their ability to lose weight. Doctors are facing a dilemma in their practices: they want to play an active role but, due to a set of negative beliefs and perceived barriers, they are playing a relatively passive role, feeling defeated and unmotivated, which is reflected in a decrease of efforts and a willing to give up on most of the cases. Conclusions: This issue should be taken in to account during physicians' education since doctors should be aware of how their own beliefs and attitudes influence their behaviour and practices, compromising, therefore, the adherence to and the success in obesity treatment. They seem to need more precise guidelines and better tools for screening and management of obesity, more referral options, and improved coordination with other specialitie

Genomic analysis of two phlebotomine sand fly vectors of Leishmania from the New and Old World.

Phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance as important vectors of human disease, transmitting bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens, including the kinetoplastid parasites of the genus Leishmania, the causative agents of devastating diseases collectively termed leishmaniasis. More than 40 pathogenic Leishmania species are transmitted to humans by approximately 35 sand fly species in 98 countries with hundreds of millions of people at risk around the world. No approved efficacious vaccine exists for leishmaniasis and available therapeutic drugs are either toxic and/or expensive, or the parasites are becoming resistant to the more recently developed drugs. Therefore, sand fly and/or reservoir control are currently the most effective strategies to break transmission. To better understand the biology of sand flies, including the mechanisms involved in their vectorial capacity, insecticide resistance, and population structures we sequenced the genomes of two geographically widespread and important sand fly vector species: Phlebotomus papatasi, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, (distributed in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa) and Lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause visceral leishmaniasis (distributed across Central and South America). We categorized and curated genes involved in processes important to their roles as disease vectors, including chemosensation, blood feeding, circadian rhythm, immunity, and detoxification, as well as mobile genetic elements. We also defined gene orthology and observed micro-synteny among the genomes. Finally, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of these species in their respective geographical areas. These genomes will be a foundation on which to base future efforts to prevent vector-borne transmission of Leishmania parasites