4 research outputs found

    Distribución potencial de mamíferos marinos durante el verano austral en el Golfo San Jorge, Argentina

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    El Golfo San Jorge (GSJ) es una región oceanográfica importante debido a la influencia de dos frentes de marea, siendo uno de los sectores más productivos y con alta biodiversidad marina del Mar Argentino. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar cuáles variables oceanográficas explican la presencia de mamíferos marinos y explorar el solapamiento de la riqueza predicha con las áreas frontales del GSJ durante el verano austral. La distribución potencial de las 9 especies (Balaenoptera sp., Cephalorhynchus commersonii, Globicephala melas, Grampus griseus, Lagenorhynchus australis, L. obscurus, Mirounga leonina, Orcinus orca, Otaria flavescens) fue modelada con Maxent utilizando 6 variables ambientales (batimetría, pendiente del fondo marino, distancia a la costa, distancia al frente de marea, temperatura superficial y concentración de clorofila). Los mamíferos marinos se encontraron más cerca de las áreas frontales que al azar (9,48 km y 13,34 km, respectivamente). La profundidad, la distancia a la costa y la pendiente fueron las variables más importantes en la distribución de todas las especies. Balaenoptera sp., G. melas, G. griseus, L. australis y O. orca mostraron una distribución costera (< 10 km), principalmente al noroeste del golfo. M. leonina, O. flavescens y C. commersonii siguieron la isobata de los 80 m, mientras que L. obscurus se distribuyó en todo el golfo. Las áreas de mayor riqueza predicha se solaparon un 75% con las áreas frontales localizadas al noroeste y sudeste del golfo. Este trabajo provee información de base para el diseño de futuros muestreos que pueden explicar la influencia de los procesos y variación estacional de la distribución de los mamíferos marinos del GSJ.The San Jorge Gulf (SJG) is an important oceanographic region due to the influence of two tidal fronts, being one of the most productive sectors and with greater marine biodiversity in the Argentine Sea. The aim of this study was to identify which oceanographic variables best explained the presence of marine mammals and to explore the overlap of the predicted richness with the frontal areas of the SJG during the austral summer. The potential distribution of 9 species (Balaenoptera sp., Cephalorhynchus commersonii, Globicephala melas, Grampus griseus, Lagenorhynchus australis, L. obscurus, Mirounga leonina, Orcinus orca, Otaria flavescens) was modeled with Maxent using 6 environmental variables (bathymetry, seafloor slope, distance to the coast, distance to the frontal area, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration). Marine mammals were found closer to the frontal area than expected by chance (9.48 km and 13.34 km, respectively). Bathymetry, distance to the coast and seafloor slope were the most important variables in the distribution of all the species. Balaenoptera sp., G. melas, G. griseus, L. australis and O. orca showed a coastal distribution (<10 km), mainly in the northwest of the gulf. The distribution of M. leonina, O. flavescens and C. commersonii followed the isobaths of 80 m, while L. obscurus evenly distributed throughout the gulf. In general, the environmental variables that influence the distribution of these species agreed with those found in previous studies from other locations. The area of high predicted richness was 75% overlapped with the frontal areas located in the northwest and southeast of the gulf. This work provides baseline information for designing future samplings that could explain the influence of the processes and the seasonal variation of the distribution of the marine mammals of the SGJ.Fil: Retana, Maria Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Lewis, Mirtha Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentin

    Fine Scale Breeding Habitat Preferences of Southern Elephant Seals (Mirounga leonina) on Península Valdés

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    This study analyzed fine-scale habitat selection of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) on Península Valdés, Patagonia, Argentina, during a decade of population stability. The results showed repeatability and consistency in harem formation in a predictable manner and according to specific environmental characteristics. Censuses were conducted during the peak of the breeding seasons (2001 to 2007 and 2010), and ten topographic variables were surveyed along 12 km of coast. The breeding social context was associated with certain topographic variables. Reproductive groups tended to occur in bays sheltered by cliffs with accessible beaches of slope less than 4º and unconsolidated substrates. The nonreproductive groups were found on shelf points. The spatial distribution reported herein will contribute to the understanding of the large-scale distribution of breeding groups on Península Valdés and other breeding colonies of southern elephant seals.Fil: Retana, Maria Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Guzman, Julia. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Lewis, Mirtha Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentin

    Cambios temporales en la dieta y selección de presas en la gaviota de Olrog Larus Atlanticus criando en el sur de Buenos Aires, Argentina

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    Se evaluaron los cambios temporales en la composición de la dieta y en la selección de presas de las gaviotas de Olrog Larus atlanticus que se reproducen en Bahía San Blas, Argentina. La dieta fue examinada mediante el análisis de egagrópilas (N = 360) y lavados estomacales de pollos (N = 120) durante las temporadas reproductivas 2006 y 2007. La disponibilidad de presas fue calculada mediante el muestreo de 2.084 parcelas de 1m2 distribuidas a lo largo del área de alimentación potencial de las aves. Las gaviotas se alimentaron casi exclusivamente de tres especies de cangrejo: Neohelice granulata, Cyrtograpsus altimanus y Cyrtograpsus angulatus. La composición de la dieta fue similar en los dos años de estudio. La importancia relativa (IRI%) de las diferentes especies de cangrejo, determinada a través del análisis de egagrópilas, varió a lo largo del ciclo reproductivo. Durante la incubación, N. granulata mostró una contribución mayor (> 90%) mientras que C. altimanus tuvo una contribución inferior al 2%. Este aporte relativo se invirtió en la etapa de pollos pequeños ( 60%, respectivamente) y fue entre del 40% y el 50% para ambas especies en la etapa de pollos grandes. El análisis de lavados estomacales mostró valores similares de IRI% para las etapas de pollos. Las tallas de los cangrejos disponibles difirieron significativamente entre las especies, siendo similares para N. granulata y C. angulatus, pero ambas más grandes que C. altimanus. Las gaviotas seleccionaron la especie N. granulata durante la etapa de incubación y mayormente C. altimanus durante ambas etapas de pollos. Nuestro estudio sugiere que la gaviota de Olrog se sustentó con tres especies de cangrejo, lo que confirma su alimentación especialista durante la etapa reproductiva. Su consumo relativo, sin embargo, puede variar temporalmente en respuesta a restricciones impuestas por los requerimientos especificos de adultos y pollos.We examined temporal changes in diet composition and prey selection in the threatened Olrog's gull Larus atlanticus breeding at Bahía San Blas, Argentina. Diet was assessed through pellet analysis (N = 360) and chick stomach samples (N = 120) during 2006 and 2007. Prey availability was sampled in 2,084 1m2 quadrats distributed throughout Olrog's gull potential feeding areas. Gulls fed almost exclusively on three crabs: Neohelice granulata, Cyrtograpsus altimanus and Cyrtograpsus angulatus. Diet composition was similar between years. The relative importance (%IRI) of different crab species, assessed through pellet analysis, varied across the breeding cycle. During incubation, N. granulata predominated (> 90%) while C. altimanus comprised less than 2% of the crabs taken. This relative contribution was reversed during the young chick stage ( 60%, respectively) and was 40–50% for both species during the old chick stage. Stomach sample analysis provided a similar pattern of %IRI values for the chick stages. Sizes of available crabs differed significantly between species, C. angulatus and N. granulata both being similar-sized but larger than C. altimanus. Gulls selected N. granulata during incubation and largely C. altimanus during the chick stages. Our study suggests that Olrog's gull depends on three crab species, confirming its specialised feeding ecology during the breeding season. Their relative consumption, however, can change temporally, probably in response to restrictions imposed by the different requirements of adults and chicks.Fil: Suárez, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Retana, Maria Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Yorio, Pablo Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Wildlife Conservation Society Argentina; Argentin

    Effect of feeding technique and prey characteristics on the feeding rate of Olrog's Gulls (Larus atlanticus)

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    The Olrog's Gull (Larus atlanticus) is a species that feeds almost exclusively on intertidal crabs. The influence of feeding technique, food source, and habitat characteristics on the feeding rate of breeding individuals was examined at Bahía San Blas, Argentina, from September to December 2007. Olrog's Gulls used four feeding techniques, with more prey captured by pecking than by peck-digging, head submergence, or up-ending. Olrog's Gulls fed throughout the tidal cycle using different intertidal zones when they were exposed and covered by water. However, feeding techniques used in exposed intertidal areas (pecking and peck-digging) resulted in significantly higher feeding rates. Feeding rate increased with average prey density and was higher when feeding in structured environments, characterized by the presence of rocks or oysters and high densities of the intertidal crab Cyrtograpsus altimanus. The burrowing crab Neohelice granulata is the main component of the Olrog's Gull diet during most of the breeding cycle. Although average density of N. granulata in feeding patches was lower than that of C. altimanus, body size of the former was significantly larger and energy density of individuals higher, resulting in a higher energy profitability of unstructured habitats. Prey switching toward C. altimanus during the young chick stage observed in previous studies may result from the need to feed chicks with smaller prey.Fil: Suarez, Nicolas Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Retana, Maria Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Yorio, Pablo Martin. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentin
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