12,081 research outputs found
Octet-baryon masses in finite space
We report on a recent study of finite-volume effects on the lowest-lying
octet baryon masses using the covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory up to
next-to-leading order by analysing the latest lattice QCD results
from the NPLQCD Collaboration.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure; parallel talk delivered by XLR at the 14th
national conference on nuclear structure, April 12nd - 16th, 2012, Huzhou,
Chin
Biologics for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps : state of the art
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex upper airway disease affecting up to 11% of the population of Western Europe. In these western countries, 85% of the CRSwNP disease reveals a type 2 inflammatory pattern. In the last 15 years, several randomized double-blind studies on monoclonal antibodies in CRSwNP were performed. These studies demonstrated for the first time that biologics targeting type 2 immune reactions might be successful in nasal polyps. The target proteins, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IgE were previously identified as key mediators in studies using nasal polyp tissues to measure and to interact in ex-vivo settings. No biomarkers have been identified to predict response to a specific biologic or to monitor treatment success. These studies were characterized by small numbers of patients and heterogeneous populations. They did, however, pave the way for currently performed and analyzed phase 3 studies, which will possibly lead to the registration of the first biologic drug with the indication CRSwNP. The studies already provide indications on the effects to be expected from those biologics; the results of phase-3 studies in larger populations will be decisive for the indications, patient selection, and finally the stopping rules for those drugs in subjects with severe nasal polyps, in whom the current standard of care including topical and oral glucocorticosteroids, antibiotics and surgical procedures failed to control the disease. We may expect that those biologics will open new perspectives for those patients with severe polyposis with, but also independent of asthma, allowing to avoid the possible adverse events resulting from systemic glucocorticosteroids and surgery
Scalar strangeness content of the nucleon and baryon sigma terms
The scalar strangeness content of the nucleon, characterized by the so-called
strangeness-nucleon sigma term, is of fundamental importance in understanding
its sea-quark flavor structure. We report a determination of the octet baryon
sigma terms via the Feynman-Hellmann theorem by analyzing the latest
high-statistics lattice QCD simulations with covariant baryon chiral
perturbation theory up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order. In particular,
we predict MeV and MeV, while
the first error is statistical and the second systematic due to different
lattice scales. The predicted is consistent with the latest LQCD
results and the results based on the next-to-next-to-leading order chiral
perturbation theory. Several key factors in determining the sigma terms are
systematically taken into account and clarified for the first time, including
the effects of lattice scale setting, systematic uncertainties originating from
chiral expansion truncations, and constraint of strong-interaction isospin
breaking effects.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures; version to appear in Physical Review
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