The Silence After the Beep: Envisioning an Emergency Information System to Serve the Visually Impaired

Due to a series of legal and regulatory setbacks, media accessibility regulations for consumers who are blind and visually impaired have lagged significantly behind those for deaf individuals. Until April 2014, when the Federal Communications Commission’s Emergency Information Order took effect, blind consumers were left “in the dark” when their safety mattered most—during weather emergencies—because visual emergency information displayed in the on-screen crawl during television programming was not accessible in an aural format. The Commission now mandates that this information be provided in an aural form through the secondary audio stream for linear programming viewed on televisions and mobile devices and other “second screens” used inside the home over the MVPD’s network, but this requirement leaves many issues unresolved. This Issue Brief examines and analyzes the arguments made by industry and consumer groups for and against expanded regulation, and makes several recommendations that efficiently fill gaps in the current regulatory requirements for accessible emergency information. These recommendations are technically feasible, not unduly burdensome, and necessary to effectuate the purpose of the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010. Specifically, the Commission can extend emergency information regulations to the entities it failed to reach with its Emergency Information Order and Second Report and Order by adopting the Linear Programming Definition of an MVPD that it puts forth in its MVPD Definition NPRM. The Commission should adopt this definition, thereby expanding the scope of entities required to comply with the Emergency Information Order, but it should curtail the Order’s rigidity by not passing prioritization guidelines and by removing the requirement to include school closures and changes in the bus schedule in the secondary audio stream

Orientations of the Egyptian Environmental Policy in in Sustainable Community Development

Egypt is facing many environmental challenges that represent a source of degradation of natural resources for its residents and threaten the future of coming generations, these challenges arise and the environment from the inability of the resources available to meet the needs of the population as well as the misuse of the availability of these resources. Desertification and pollution are topping the list of problems in Egypt in addition to the lack of water supply and the growing population with a tremendous increase in the volume of waste, particularly the dangerous industrial waste, in the light of the low level of awareness of the importance of the environmental issues

La sécurité sociale en Belgique : entre régionalisation et européanisation

Cet article explore les évolutions de la politique de sécurité sociale en Belgique dans le cadre d’un fédéralisme en constante évolution et actuellement instable au chapitre des interactions qui se nouent entre les différents niveaux de pouvoir — national, régional, communautaire et même européen. Au fil des réformes institutionnelles qui ont conduit la Belgique à devenir un État fédéral, la sécurité sociale est restée dans les compétences de l’État central. Ceci dit, la question de la défédéralisation de la sécurité sociale fait l’objet d’une revendication de la plupart des partis politiques flamands, qui désirent que cette question soit mise à l’ordre du jour lors d’une prochaine réforme institutionnelle.This article details changes in social security policy in Belgium. Such changes are taking place within a constantly shifting and currently unstable federalism with respect to the issues that link different levels of power, whether at the national, community, or even European level. During the reform process that led Belgium to become a federation, social security was always considered a federal responsibility. Nevertheless, reassignment of social security to the sub-national level is a demand of most of the Flemish political parties and they hope to see it as an agenda item for future constitutional reform

Egypt's 2015 Parliamentary Elections: Assessing the New Electoral System

After investigating the New Egyptian Mixed (Parallel) Electoral System using both qualitative and quantitative analysis, it was concluded that the system applied for the first time in 2015 has its advantages but needs amendments.These amendments are necessary due to four factors: shortcomings within the within the electoral list, shortcomings within the constituency divisions, shortcomings within the Egyptian legal framework and shortcomings related to the single-member district (individual candidate) system. Keywords: Egyptian Electoral System, Two Round System, Party Block vote, quot

Cyber Wars and Their Impact on International Security

The relationship between cyberspace and international security has emerged with the growing adoption of electronic governments by many countries, in addition to the expansion of the users of communication and technology means in the world. National databases are in a state of external exposure, which exposes them to the risk of being exposed to cyber-attacks. National interests are also related to the infrastructure that is vulnerable to the risk of cyber-attack. This research aims to study the impact of cyber wars on international security. The research has found that cyber wars are more dangerous than military wars because they have the ability to destroy systems and completely prevent them from working, as well as the recurring cyber-attacks that will lead to increased interest in security information. Keywords: cyber wars, cyber security, cyber space, international security. DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/99-05 Publication date: June 30th 2023

Assessing Stratigraphic Controls on the Secondary Detrital Footprint from Buried Mineralization and Alteration at the Highland Valley Copper Mine, British Columbia

Mineral exploration is progressively shifting to deeper targets, including those buried under thick unconsolidated sediments. It is thus becoming increasingly important to understand the sedimentary successions of the shallow subsurface (0-200m) in order to enhance exploration strategies to locate and characterize buried targets. One strategy is to investigate the sedimentary sequence overlying known mineralized and altered zones. As such, this study aims to characterize stratified unconsolidated sediments overlying mineralized as well as altered zones at the Highland Valley porphyry copper system (HVC), in south-central British Columbia, and investigate their effects on dispersion patterns of indicator minerals and geochemical pathfinders. Stratigraphic logging and sedimentary facies analysis of ten drillcores have produced a new stratigraphic framework of the unconsolidated sediment cover and a refined depositional environment interpretation. Four geological cross-sections and an interpreted seismic profile improve our understanding of the stratigraphic architecture of the valley fill sediments in the vicinity of the Highland Valley Pit, as well as across the J.A. target, located four km to the east. Two new, previously unreported units are described from this study: a deeper, older till unit as well as a deglacial sequence overlying the older till unit. This study also reveals important lateral stratigraphic and sedimentary facies changes over relatively short distances. Two major ice advance and retreat cycles, the 1st one being older than 50 ka, and additional minor oscillations of ice margins during the last deglaciation of the area, are recognized in the stratigraphic record. Petrophysical (density, porosity, magnetic susceptibility, resistivity, and chargeability) and sedimentological (grain size) property measurements are presented for the major cover units, which can help better resolve the geophysical footprint of buried targets. Stratigraphic units interpreted to have formed by meltwater related processes and deposited in ice-marginal or proglacial settings generally have a higher proportion of locally-derived lithologies relative to other units, while tills have a more dominantly distal signature. Several porphyry copper indicator minerals, such as pyrite, chalcopyrite, and jarosite, are found in each of the Quaternary sediment cover sub-units analyzed. The strongest overall footprint of mineralization is found in two deep, poorly-sorted outwash and two deeper subglacial tills. They contain variably abundant indicator minerals (e.g. pyrite, chalcopyrite, Mn-epidote, chromite) and elements (Cu, Mo, W, As) that are indicative of porphyry copper mineralization. The source of most of these indicators is predominantly the Guichon Creek batholith that hosts the mineralization, but some indicators may be derived from distal volcanic rocks and volcanogenic sediments outside of the batholith. Coarse grain size and felsic lithology distinguished Guichon Creek batholith material from the others. Hyperspectral techniques were applied to determine the abundance of prehnite (distal alteration footprint) and kaolinite (proximal alteration footprint) in large (>2 mm) clasts. Overall, results are consistent with the abundance of clasts sourced from Guichon Creek batholith (lower prehnite content and higher kaolinite content = higher GCB clast abundance). This finding suggests the technique may be used to get insights into the proximity of the source of clasts relative to buried HVC-type mineralization. Subsurface till units also appear to have higher abundances of several indicator minerals (e.g. pyrite, chalcopyrite, jarosite) and geochemical pathfinders of mineralization (e.g. Cu, Mo, W, As) and alteration (e.g. Mg, Te, Bi) compared to previously published surficial till data. Oxidation of the surficial till and water-mineral interactions in the deeper (water-saturated) tills may explain some of the observed differences (esp. for mobile elements); however, re-entrainment of pre-existing sediments is another important mechanism to consider. The strongest footprint signal occurs in the deepest tills. Mineralized and altered bedrock thus appears to have been more accessible to glacial erosion during the older glacial phases due to less preserved sedimentary cover in depressions. Indirect sources (sediment re-entrainment) may have contributed to the footprint signal in the surficial till, perhaps more than shallow mineralized sources in some places. Overall, this study provides several refinements to the stratigraphic framework of the sedimentary cover at HVC, as well as new insights into the occurrence and abundance of HVC-related indicator minerals and pathfinders in these units. One important implication of this study is that dilution up the stratigraphy is clear but limited at HVC; however, it could be greater in other prospective thick drift areas; stronger dilution in surficial units is possible, which could mask a clear subsurface footprint and buried sources of importance

The value of being virtual: User feedback on email and instant messaging reference services

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154704/1/The_Value_of_Being_Virtual.pd

Prospective study of early Vs late enteral feeding in emergency gastro intestinal surgeries

BACKGROUND: Nutritional support plays important roles in wound healing and postoperative recovery. A poor nutritional status is strongly associated with delayed wound healing and longer hospital stays after surgery. After emergency gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, nutritional status is impaired and basal energy expenditure is raised and thus, nutritional support is of considerable importance. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of early enteral feeding in patients who have undergone emergency gastrointestinal surgeries and compare the complications and duration of hospital stay with that of late enteral feeding group in General Surgery department in GRH Madurai for 1 year. MATERIAL AND METHOD: All patients in general surgical ward undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgeries in acute abdomen within 24 hours under critertia will be subjected to 2 groups. Group 1 getting early enteral feeding (E group) by oral or nasogastric 24 to 48 hrs after surgery (POD -2) and group 2 getting late enteral feeding(L group)(more than 48 hrs). After that patients are followed up closely for various complication namely wound infections, pulmonary complications and post op ileus along with duration of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: In this study we have documented and analysed cases patients undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgeries and studied the outcome of early enteral feeding versus late enteral feeeding in such patients. The post-operative follow up and documentation of various complications in the post-operative period were noted and statistically analysed comparing the case and control group. In conclusion we infer that. • Early enteral feeding is feasible in patients undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgeries post operatively. • The rates of complications like pulmonary complications, wound infections and ileus in post-operative patients is found to be significantly lower in the Early enteral feeding group. • The length of hospital stay in patients started on early enteral feeds were significantly lower

Full Response of a Localized Renal Tumour after Reduced-Intensity Conditioned Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Graft versus tumor effect has been described in solid metastatic tumor. We reported here the case of a patient treated for an acute myeloid leukemia with reduced-intensity conditioned allograft and the effect of this procedure on concomitant of renal localised cancer. The effect of immune-mediated cytotoxicity on renal cancer is the more consistent explanation to understand the necrosis of this tumor. Any case of RIC allograft has been reported before to treat localised renal tumor

The Students' Attitude on Using Social Network Site (SNS) in their Academic Life in University

In recent years, the usage of social network websites has become popular because of the extreme development of technology and massive use by users. Consequently, the public has transformed into an enormous user of social network websites. At present, the Internet, precisely Social Network Site (SNS), has a prodigious effect on the university academic life and education system. The crucial point behind implementing this research was to realize and explain the students' educational outcomes that engage in social networking sites for the majority of their time as well as to learn about students' perspectives regarding the usage of technology in their academic lives at the university level then students' opinions were examined. The quantitative research methods were managed in this study, and questionnaires were administered to accumulate quantitative data with students. The research participants comprised 105 students in the computer science department – university of Sulaimani in the north of Iraq. This research has exposed that most students positively think about social network sites that spend most of their time on it daily. They use it for academic purposes to share and generate new ideas related to their studies. On the other hand, they use it for having fun and entertainment with their friends