Abdominal circumference and risk of cardiovascular disease in Doctor's Office 22 . “Aleida Fernández Chardiet” Polyclinic. 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that abdominal obesity is the most important risk factor and the one that best explains the occurrence of a first acute myocardial infarction in Latin American countries. Objective:  To determine the risk of cardiovascular disease by measuring the abdominal circumference in Doctor's Office 22 of "Aleida  Fernández Chardiet” Teaching Polyclinic, La Lisa municipality, Havana, Cuba, in 2016.Material and Methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in people older than 17 years old. The universe of study was composed of 538 persons. Distributions of frequencies, percentage calculations, and the Chi-square test were used. Results: With regard to the value of abdominal circumference, 42,9% of people presented a high risk of cardiovascular disease, which predominated in the male sex (48,0%). Only 16,5% of diabetic patients presented a low risk. The 50,6% of patients with arterial hypertension, and the 45,4% of smokers presented a high risk.  Conclusions: Regarding the evaluation of the abdominal circumference, a high risk of cardiovascular disease was observed in the majority of population studied, especially in the male sex, diabetics, hypertensive patients, and smokers.  A statistically significant relationship was observed in patients with risk of cardiovascular disease due to abdominal obesity and age, sex, Diabetes Mellitus, and arterial hypertension.Keywords: Epidemiology, risk factors, abdominal circumference, cardiovascular disease, primary health care.</p

Circunferencia abdominal y riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Consultorio 22. Policlínico Docente “Aleida Fernández Chardiet”. 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that abdominal obesity is the most important risk factor and the one that best explains the occurrence of a first acute myocardial infarction in Latin American countries. Objective:  To determine the risk of cardiovascular disease by measuring the abdominal circumference in Doctor's Office 22 of "Aleida  Fernández Chardiet” Teaching Polyclinic, La Lisa municipality, Havana, Cuba, in 2016.Material and Methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in people older than 17 years old. The universe of study was composed of 538 persons. Distributions of frequencies, percentage calculations, and the Chi-square test were used. Results: With regard to the value of abdominal circumference, 42,9% of people presented a high risk of cardiovascular disease, which predominated in the male sex (48,0%). Only 16,5% of diabetic patients presented a low risk. The 50,6% of patients with arterial hypertension, and the 45,4% of smokers presented a high risk.  Conclusions: Regarding the evaluation of the abdominal circumference, a high risk of cardiovascular disease was observed in the majority of population studied, especially in the male sex, diabetics, hypertensive patients, and smokers.  A statistically significant relationship was observed in patients with risk of cardiovascular disease due to abdominal obesity and age, sex, Diabetes Mellitus, and arterial hypertension.Keywords: Epidemiology, risk factors, abdominal circumference, cardiovascular disease, primary health care.Introducción: Estudios epidemiológicos han señalado que la obesidad abdominal es el factor de riesgo más preponderante en los países latinoamericanos y el que mejor explica la ocurrencia de un primer infarto agudo de miocardio.Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular por la medición de la circunferencia abdominal en el Consultorio 22 del Policlínico Docente “Aleida Fernández Chardiet” del municipio La Lisa, La Habana, Cuba, en 2016.  Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal en personas mayores de 17 años de edad. El universo estuvo constituido por 538 personas. Se utilizaron distribuciones de frecuencias, cálculos porcentuales y el test de Chi Cuadrado.Resultados: De acuerdo con el valor de la circunferencia abdominal, 42,9% de las personas presentó un riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular incrementado. El riesgo incrementado predominó en el sexo masculino (48 %). Solo el 16,5 % de los pacientes diabéticos tuvo un riesgo bajo. El 50,6% de los pacientes con hipertensión arterial y 45,4% de los fumadores presentaron un riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular incrementado.Conclusiones: El riesgo incrementado de enfermedad cardiovascular, según la medida de la circunferencia abdominal, predominó en la mayoría de los pacientes estudiados, fundamentalmente en los pacientes del sexo masculino, los diabéticos, los hipertensos y los fumadores. Se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, encontrado por la obesidad abdominal y la edad, el sexo, la Diabetes Mellitus y la hipertensión arterial.Palabras claves: Epidemiología, factores de riesgo, circunferencia abdominal, enfermedad cardiovascular, atención primaria de salud

Factores de riesgo del cáncer de mama en un consultorio de la Atención Primaria de Salud

Introduction: The incidence of oncological illnesses has increased considerably all over the world and breast cancer is not the exception.Objective: To identify the risk factors of breast cancer in women treated in Doctor's Office number 9 of "Aleida Fernández" Teaching Polyclinic, La Lisa Municipality, from January to June, 2016.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted. The universe of study was composed of 296 women aged 18 years or over, belonging to the population health area surveyed during the study period. Anthropometric measurements of weight and height were first made to every woman and then a questionnaire was applied. Distribution of frequencies, percentage calculations, and Chi-square test were carried out to determine the association between risk factors and the presence of breast cancer.Results: A 29,4% of women aged 60 years or over; 42,9% of them reported smoking as a toxic habit; 74,7%  were under 30 years of age at the time of the first childbirth; and 55,4% of them breastfed for at least 6 months or didn´t do it.Conclusions: It was demonstrated that postmenopausal obesity, no breastfeeding or doing it for less than 6 months, menarche before the age of 12 years, first births in individual ages after 30 years, and nulliparity were the risk factors for breast cancer that predominated in the population studied. A statistically significant relationship was observed between breast cancer and the aforementioned risk factors.Keywords: Epidemiology, risk factors, breast cancer, women, primary health care.RESUMENIntroducción: La incidencia de enfermedades oncológicas se ha incrementado considerablemente en todo el mundo y el cáncer de mama no es la excepción.Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo del cáncer de mama en mujeres atendidas en  el consultorio 9 del policlínico "Aleida Fernández" del municipio La Lisa entre enero y junio de 2016.Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal. El universo de estudio comprendió 296 mujeres de 18 años o más. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas de peso y talla a cada mujer y luego se aplicó un cuestionario. Se realizaron distribuciones de frecuencias, cálculos porcentuales y la prueba de Chi cuadrado para determinar la asociación entre los factores de riesgo y la presencia de cáncer de mama.Resultados: El 29,4 % tenía edad mayor o igual a 60 años. El 42,9 % de las féminas presentó tabaquismo como hábito tóxico, el 74,7 % tenía una edad menor a los 30 años al momento del primer parto, el 55,4 % dio de lactar por lo menos 6 meses o no lo hizo.Conclusiones: Entre los factores de riesgo de cáncer de mama que predominaron en la población estudiada se encontró la obesidad posmenopáusica, no dar de lactar o hacerlo por menos de 6 meses, la menarquia a edad menor de 12 años, el primer parto después de los 30 años y la nuliparidad. Se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el cáncer de mama y los factores de riesgo antes mencionados.Palabras clave: Epidemiología, factores de riesgo, cáncer de mama, mujeres, atención primaria de salud