Estrategias de internacionalizaci?n de empresas indias hacia Latinoam?rica

The objective of this publication is to analyze the ways of entry for the Indian companies in their internationalization?s process towards the Latin American market. The literature review and the results of the interviews with expert academics conclude that this process is affect by variables as; the country that receives the foreign investment; to the offer, the kind of company, economic sector in which it operates, and to the demand; the market where the company seeks to develop its internationalization. Five cases have been analyzed; two service companies: Tata Consultancy Services Limited and Oberoi Hotels & Resorts and three tangible product companies: Hero MotoCorp, Bajaj Auto and Mahindra. The limitations found show that there is a large field of action for future research on strategies for the internationalization of Indian companies to Latin America.El objetivo de la presente publicaci?n es el de analizar los modos de ingreso de las empresas indias en su proceso de internacionalizaci?n hacia el mercado latinoamericano. Tanto la revisi?n de literatura como los resultados de las entrevistas realizadas a acad?micos expertos concluyen que en este proceso influyen variables concernientes al pa?s receptor de inversi?n extranjera, a la oferta como el tipo de empresa y sector econ?mico en el que opera, y a la demanda como las caracter?sticas del mercado al que se dirige la empresa que busca internacionalizarse. Se analizaron cinco casos; dos empresas de servicios: Tata Consultancy Services Limited y Oberoi Hotels & Resorts, y tres empresas de bienes: Hero MotoCorp Ltd., Bajaj Auto Ltd. y Mahindra. Las limitaciones encontradas demuestran que hay un gran campo de acci?n para futuras investigaciones sobre estrategias de internacionalizaci?n de empresas indias hacia Am?rica Latina

Bases for the digital transformation of the productive sector: an exploratory study of key competencies in Peru

The main objective of this research is to determine the basis of the key competencies necessary to achieve the digital transformation of public and private organizations in Peru. With this objective in mind, the conceptual framework involves the definition of a digital transformation in organizations and their impact on those organizations. Secondly, the article presented the results of the exploratory fieldwork conducted through in-depth interviews with ten executives from different productive sectors and analyzed them through content analysis. From this exploratory study, it concludes that all the experts interviewed agree on: i) the urgency of initiating a digital transformation process in small, medium, and large companies; ii) the need for training in digital transformation for company employees in all functional lines, giving priority to the commercial area; and iii) investment in the implementation process starting with cybersecurity and big data due to the impact on the operational and commercial results of the companies.El objetivo principal de esta investigaci?n es determinar las bases de las competencias clave necesarias para lograr la transformaci?n digital de las organizaciones p?blicas y privadas en el Per?. Con este objetivo en mente, el marco conceptual implica la definici?n de la transformaci?n digital en las organizaciones y su impacto en las mismas. En segundo lugar, el art?culo presenta los resultados del trabajo de campo exploratorio realizado a trav?s de entrevistas en profundidad a diez ejecutivos de diferentes sectores productivos y los analiza a trav?s del an?lisis de contenido. De este estudio exploratorio se concluye que todos los expertos entrevistados coinciden en: i) la urgencia de iniciar un proceso de transformaci?n digital en las peque?as, medianas y grandes empresas; ii) la necesidad de formaci?n en transformaci?n digital para los empleados de las empresas en todas las l?neas funcionales, priorizando el ?rea comercial; y iii) la inversi?n en el proceso de implantaci?n a partir de la ciberseguridad y el big data por el impacto en los resultados operativos y comerciales de las empresas

Urban turism perception and recommendation in Mexico City and Lima

Mexico City and Lima both have great cultural and historical value as they developed close to major pre-Columbian civilizations. When comparing their urban attractiveness factors, they present differences and similarities that need to be understood at a theoretical level. The study has practical implications as tourism officials and managers in each of these two cities can draw inspiration from the best practices of the other city. The method is quantitative, and the exploratory factorial analysis technique was used to reduce the variables in a group of factors. The results indicate that the different aspects of the cities? tourism attractiveness can be categorized into four factors: the nucleus, the tourist ecosystem, MICE & shows, and related services. A comparison of the two cities? Kruskal?Wallis test scores shows significant differences in terms of three variables: monuments and historic sites, museums and art galleries, and shops and commercial services

Una aplicaci?n de la teor?a del comportamiento planificado al segmento masculino latinoamericano de productos de cuidado personal

This research study identifies those factors which influence the consumption of care products in the Latinamerican male segment. That's why, an instrument based on the behavorial theory was applied to 600 men living in two countries of this regi?n and having different levels of development regarding the above mentioned category, Mexico -highly developed- and Peru -moderately developed-. The data obtained were analyzed using a model of structural equations. The results show that a subjective norm will stop men's consumption of these kinds of products. Similarly, the impact of this subjective norm will be lower in young men, allowing them to have a great aperture in the consumption of these care products.Este estudio busca identificar los factores que influyen en el consumo de productos de cuidado personal dentro del segmento masculino latinoamericano. Para ello, se aplic? un instrumento basado en la teor?a del comportamiento planificado a 600 hombres pertenecientes a dos pa?ses de la regi?n con diferentes niveles de desarrollo de la categor?a en cuesti?n: M?xico (alto desarrollo) y Per? (moderado desarrollo). Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados a partir de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados sugieren que, en ambos pa?ses estudiados, la norma subjetiva inhibir?a el consumo de este tipo de productos entre los hombres. Asimismo, el impacto de la norma subjetiva ser?a menor en hombres j?venes, teniendo ellos mayor apertura al consumo de estos productos

Bases para la segmentaci?n del mercado homosexual en la ciudad de Lima: un enfoque para el sector de entretenimiento

The homosexual population is an important consumer market for different categories, being the entertainment the most significant. Academic and commercial researchers have addressed this market focusing on developed countries, and considering it a single and homogeneous segment. The following research proposes to set the bases for a segmentation of the homosexual population in Lima, Peru, in order to understand the motives of each identified consumer segment, within the entertainment category. The results allow to identify three segments in the studied population with different demographic, psychographic and behavioral characteristics regarding the consumption of entertainment, which gives rise to different needs and opportunities to satisfy them.La poblaci?n homosexual representa un importante mercado de consumo para diferentes categor?as, destacando entre ellas el entretenimiento. Investigaciones acad?micas y comerciales han abordado este mercado principalmente enfoc?ndose en pa?ses desarrollados, y consider?ndolo como un segmento ?nico y homog?neo. La presente investigaci?n propone sentar las bases para una segmentaci?n de la poblaci?n homosexual en Lima, capital de Per?, orientada a comprender las motivaciones de consumo de cada segmento identificado en el marco de la categor?a entretenimiento. A trav?s de los resultados obtenidos se identificaron tres segmentos en la poblaci?n estudiada con caracter?sticas demogr?ficas, psicogr?ficas y preferencias distintas en cuanto a actividades de entretenimiento, de lo cual se desprenden diferentes necesidades y oportunidades para satisfacerlas

Desarrollo sostenible en turismo: una propuesta para Machu Picchu

Raising awareness about the environmental risks faced by the Historical Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, providing tools for thinking that will contribute to addressing the Sanctuary?s problems,and finally, contributing to the debate by forwarding a proposal for the Sanctuary?s sustainable management are the purposes of this study. In the first section, statistics show Peru is basically a unipolar travel destination. The second section presents the complex problems identified at the Sanctuary. To conclude, the study presents a proposed solution, including setting up a structure tomanage the Sanctuary?s strategic planning while abiding by the key principles of sustainable development.Este art?culo persigue tres objetivos: el primero, crear conciencia sobre los riesgos ambientales que amenazan al Santuario Hist?rico de Machu Picchu (SHM); el segundo, brindar elementos de reflexi?n que contribuyan a resolver la problem?tica del SHM; y finalmente, enriquecer el debate presentando una propuesta para la gesti?n sostenible del SHM. Para ello, en la primera secci?n se muestran cifras que evidencian la unipolaridad del Per? como destino tur?stico; luego, en la segunda secci?n, se expone la compleja problem?tica identificada en el SHM; y, para terminar, se presenta la propuesta de soluci?n, que pasa por plantear la creaci?n de una estructura de gesti?n que se encargue de la planificaci?n estrat?gica del SHM respetando los principios clave del desarrollo sostenible

Modos de distribuci?n de veh?culos chinos en los pa?ses de la Alianza del Pac?fico

When the Chinese automotive industry decided to expand into the western market, it had to evaluate the best alternative for marketing its brands in the segmented and selected markets, including the countries that form the Pacific Alliance. This article, based mainly on secondary sources, develops, on the one hand, through a conceptual approach, the distribution methods implemented by automotive brands in general, and on the other hand, through an applied approach, the distribution strategies of the four Chinese brands that were selected?Changan, Great Wall, JAC, and BAIC?in the markets of Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru.Cuando la industria automotriz china decidi? expandirse al mercado occidental tuvo que evaluar la mejor alternativa para comercializar sus marcas en los mercados segmentados y elegidos, entre ellos los pa?ses que conforman la Alianza del Pac?fico. El presente art?culo, basado principalmente en fuentes secundarias, desarrolla, por un lado, desde un enfoque conceptual, los modos de distribuci?n implementados por las marcas de autom?viles en general; y, por otro lado, desde un enfoque aplicado, las estrategias de distribuci?n seguidas por cuatro marcas chinas elegidas: Changan, Great Wall, JAC y BAIC en los mercados de Chile, Colombia, M?xico y Per?

World Heritage List : does it make sense?

The UNESCO World Heritage List contains the 900 most treasured Sites of humanity’s culture and landscapes. This List is beneficial where heritage sites are undetected, disregarded by national decision-makers, not commercially exploitable, and where national financial resources, political control and technical knowledge for conservation are inadequate. Alternatives such as the market and reliance on national conservation list are more beneficial where the cultural and natural sites are already popular, markets work well, and where inclusion in the List does not raise the destruction potential by excessive tourism, and in times of war, or by terrorists

What Determines the World Heritage List? An Econometric Analysis

The official intention of the UNESCO World Heritage List is to protect the global heritage. However, the existing List is highly imbalanced according to countries and continents. Historical reasons, such as historical GDP, population, and number of years of high civilization, have a significant impact on being included on the List. In addition, economic and political factors unrelated to the value of heritage, such as rent seeking by bureaucrats and politicians, the size of the tourist sector, the importance of media, the degree of federalism, and membership in the UN Security Council, influence the composition of the List