Appendix A. Description of the bycatch, target catch, and fishing effort.

Description of the bycatch, target catch, and fishing effort

Appendix B. The O-ring statistic, g12(r), vs. time, Moran scatterplots, and Moran scatterplot maps.

The O-ring statistic, g12(r), vs. time, Moran scatterplots, and Moran scatterplot maps

Identifying Bioaccumulative Halogenated Organic Compounds Using a Nontargeted Analytical Approach: Seabirds as Sentinels

<div><p>Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are typically monitored via targeted mass spectrometry, which potentially identifies only a fraction of the contaminants actually present in environmental samples. With new anthropogenic compounds continuously introduced to the environment, novel and proactive approaches that provide a comprehensive alternative to targeted methods are needed in order to more completely characterize the diversity of known and unknown compounds likely to cause adverse effects. Nontargeted mass spectrometry attempts to extensively screen for compounds, providing a feasible approach for identifying contaminants that warrant future monitoring. We employed a nontargeted analytical method using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC/TOF-MS) to characterize halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) in California Black skimmer (<i>Rynchops niger</i>) eggs. Our study identified 111 HOCs; 84 of these compounds were regularly detected via targeted approaches, while 27 were classified as typically unmonitored or unknown. Typically unmonitored compounds of note in bird eggs included tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane (TCPM), tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH), triclosan, permethrin, heptachloro-1'-methyl-1,2'-bipyrrole (MBP), as well as four halogenated unknown compounds that could not be identified through database searching or the literature. The presence of these compounds in Black skimmer eggs suggests they are persistent, bioaccumulative, potentially biomagnifying, and maternally transferring. Our results highlight the utility and importance of employing nontargeted analytical tools to assess true contaminant burdens in organisms, as well as to demonstrate the value in using environmental sentinels to proactively identify novel contaminants.</p></div

Relative Abundance of Individual Compounds, excluding PCBs.

<p>Each point represents one egg sample (n = 4), including non-detects. Non-detects are shown with a value of zero (multiple non-detects overlap). PCBs are included in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127205#pone.0127205.s003" target="_blank">S1 Fig</a>.</p

Relative Abundance of Compound Classes.

<p>Each point represents detection in a single egg sample (n = 4). The abundance is the sum total of the normalized peak areas for all compounds in the class, in each sample. The line is the median abundance for the compound class. The source of each compound class is indicated in the legend. Non-detects are shown with a value of zero (multiple non-detects overlap).</p

Comprehensive Screening Links Halogenated Organic Compounds with Testosterone Levels in Male <i>Delphinus delphis</i> from the Southern California Bight

While environmental pollutants have been associated with changes in endocrine health in cetaceans, efforts to link contaminant exposure with hormones have largely been limited to a list of known, targeted contaminants, overlooking minimally characterized or unknown compounds of emerging concern. To address this gap, we analyzed a suite of potential endocrine disrupting halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) in blubber from 16 male short-beaked common dolphins (<i>Delphinus delphis</i>) with known maturity status collected from fishery bycatch in the Southern California Bight. We employed a suspect screening mass spectrometry-based method to investigate a wide range of HOCs that were previously observed in cetaceans from the same region. Potential endocrine effects were assessed through the measurement of blubber testosterone. We detected 167 HOCs, including 81 with known anthropogenic sources, 49 of unknown origin, and 37 with known natural sources. The sum of 11 anthropogenic and 4 unknown HOC classes were negatively correlated with blubber testosterone. Evidence suggests that elevated anthropogenic HOC load contributes to impaired testosterone production in mature male <i>D. delphis</i>. The application of this integrative analytical approach to cetacean contaminant analysis allows for inference of the biological consequences of accumulation of HOCs and prioritization of compounds for future environmental toxicology research

Supplemental Table 1 from Natal foraging philopatry in eastern Pacific hawksbill turtles

Results (mean % ± 95% confidence intervals in parentheses) from the Bayesian mixed stock analysis from hawksbill rookeries ranked by location to the four regional foraging grounds (RFGs). The two rookeries in RFG2 were combined into a single regional estimate for the regional analysis due to their proximity and genetic similarity

Supplemental Figure 1. from Natal foraging philopatry in eastern Pacific hawksbill turtles

Results of the principal components analysis of the eight foraging grounds with sample sizes ranging from n = 20-117 showing the four clusters that determined the four regional foraging grounds (RFGs). Samples from neighboring foraging grounds with sample sizes ranging from n = 1-7 were pooled into each RFG for the Bayesian mixed stock analysis