Some Ecological Aspects of Malaria Vectors in Saravan Area, Iran

Please cite this article as: Mehdipour D, Moosa- Kazemi SH, Hosseini M, Zolfi R. Some Ecological Aspects of Malaria Vectors in Saravan Area, Iran. Arch Hyg Sci 2013;2(1):31-41. Background & Aims of the Study: The aim of this study was to determine the ecology of malaria vectors in order to select the vector control masseur in the future. This study was carried out on trend of malaria cases and malaria vectors in Saravan county, Sistan & Baluchestan Province, Iran. Materials & Methods: The adult mosquitoes were collected by standard Pyrethrum space spray collection and larvae by dipping method twice a month in 2011 for 12 months. Samples were identified by systematic keys. The 5-year epidemiological data was collected from Malaria Control Centre, Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Results: Four Anopheles species identified including; Anopheles (Cellia) stephensi Liston, Anopheles (Cellia) dthali Patton, An. (Cellia) culicifacies Giles, An. (Cellia) fluviatilis James. Anopheles stephensi was predominant species whereas An. fluviatilis was the lowest species in adult collection. A minimum temperature of larval habitat was 14ºC for An. fluviatilis and maximum was 26°C for An. stephensi. Monthly peak activity of An. stephensi larvae found in April and October and in adult form found in May and October. Monthly peak activity of An. culicifacies larvae found in June and September whereas observed in July and November for adults. An. dthali larvae collected more in September and November whereas Adult form found more in July and November. The number of malaria cases between 2007 to 2011 showed the decrease in first 4 years and then increase in the last years. Conclusions: The dominant species was An. stephensi comprised 54.07% of larvae and 49.16% of adults. We suggest studying on biological forms of this species with specific focus on the bordering areas between Iran and Pakistan in the future

Determination of Age and Vectorial Capacity of Anopheles Maculipennis Sensu Lato in the Central Plateau of Iran

Background and Purpose: Islamic Republic of Iran has greatly reduced its malaria burden and has a national goal to eliminate malaria by 2025. The aim of this study was to determine the population dynamics of Anopheles maculipennis sensu lato, in relation to probable malaria transmission. For this purpose, the study was conducted in three villages in Isfahan Province of Iran, from April to March 2014. Materials and Methods: Two mosquitoes sampling methods were conducted, comprises human landing catch and human bed net collection. The results of this investigation were subjected to one-way ANOVA using SPSS. Results: A. maculipennis s.l. was found as a dominant vector with exophagic and endophilic behavior. Two peaks of blood feeding were observed, 9.00-10.00 p.m and 1.00-2.00 a.m. The gonotrophic cycle, survival rate, and life expectancy of the species were 4, 0.82, and 5 days, respectively. Malaria vectorial capacity of A. maculipennis was measured 0.0128 and 0.059 for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium Falciparum, respectively. Conclusion: The findings indicate that there is a negative correlation between the temperature and daily age of A. maculipennis s.l. The method described can be used as a standard method to determine the daily age of Anopheles, as well as of other mosquito species since it is fast and precise and needs small samples. Survey on the age structure of vectors is very important as it is useful in monitoring the success of large-scale vector control measures