Dedifferentiation of committed epithelial cells into stem cells in vivo

Summary Cellular plasticity contributes to the regenerative capacity of plants, invertebrates, teleost fishes, and amphibians. In vertebrates, differentiated cells are known to revert into replicating progenitors, but these cells do not persist as stable stem cells. We now present evidence that differentiated airway epithelial cells can revert into stable and functional stem cells in vivo. Following the ablation of airway stem cells, we observed a surprising increase in the proliferation of committed secretory cells. Subsequent lineage tracing demonstrated that the luminal secretory cells had dedifferentiated into basal stem cells. Dedifferentiated cells were morphologically indistinguishable from stem cells and they functioned as well as their endogenous counterparts to repair epithelial injury. Indeed, single secretory cells clonally dedifferentiated into multipotent stem cells when they were cultured ex vivo without basal stem cells. In contrast, direct contact with a single basal stem cell was sufficient to prevent secretory cell dedifferentiation. In analogy to classical descriptions of amphibian nuclear reprogramming, the propensity of committed cells to dedifferentiate was inversely correlated to their state of maturity. This capacity of committed cells to dedifferentiate into stem cells may play a more general role in the regeneration of many tissues and in multiple disease states, notably cancer

Genetic Engineering In BioButanol Production And Tolerance

ABSTRACT The growing need to address current energy and environmental problems has sparked an interest in developing improved biological methods to produce liquid fuels from renewable sources. Higher-chain alcohols possess chemical properties that are more similar to gasoline. Ethanol and butanol are two products which are used as biofuel. Butanol production was more concerned than ethanol because of its high octane number. Unfortunately, these alcohols are not produced efficiently in natural microorganisms, and thus economical production in industrial volumes remains a challenge. The synthetic biology, however, offers additional tools to engineer synthetic pathways in user-friendly hosts to help increase titers and productivity of bio-butanol. Knock out and over-expression of genes is the major approaches towards genetic manipulation and metabolic engineering of microbes. Yet there are TargeTron Technology, Antisense RNA and CRISPR technology has a vital role in genome manipulation of C.acetobutylicum. This review concentrates on the recent developments for efficient production of butanol and butanol tolerance by various genetically engineered microbes

Emerging change: exploring the new economy paradigm

This paper examines and ascertains the dominant and latent characteristics of the new economy post COVID-19. It acknowledges the far-reaching repercussions and long-term societal and economic impacts caused by COVID-19. The study administered online questionnaires to professionals globally and conducted online semi-structured interviews of economists, entrepreneurs, and organizational leaders across ten countries. The study tested the hypothesis with the non-parametric Chi-square test. The interview transcripts were subjected to thematic and content analysis. The research findings have indicated the emerging changes in the economy and way of life leading to a new normal. Projections have been reported to increase digitalization and implementation in business, deglobalization, geopolitical developments, fluctuations in macroeconomic variables, and climate change. The study further revealed that hybrid work strategies would be embraced, requiring the labor market to upskill and reskill to stay competitive. Digitalization of businesses will become essential to gain a competitive advantage in domestic and international markets. The paper predicts the anticipation of changes in human behavior regarding health, personal care, and consumption patterns. The study noted the variations in the new economic trends, possibilities, challenges, and coping strategies to survive and thrive in the new economic paradigm. Therefore, these research findings provide valuable and insightful economic releases which will have profound implications in the post COVID-19 world

A study of global recession recovery strategies in highly ranked GDP EU countries

The Global financial crisis of 2008-2009 severely impacted the developed economies of the world. It occurred at a time when most countries had started gaining economic growth, stability, and vibrance. Each country experienced a jolt to its economy, causing financial fragility, shocks, tragedy, and struggle. Attempts have been made to understand the root causes, economic instability, and the lessons learned from the great recession. Given the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, this research paper seeks to examine the global recession, its effect on the economy and finances. Our research is based on the qualitative analysis of comparing the impact of the global financial crisis and strategic recovery recession plans of the top five GDP countries in the European Union-particularly Germany, the UK, France, Spain, and Italy to draw some similarities between a recession and COVID-19 pandemic in terms of the economy. The findings indicate that the great recession had a devastating impact on the entire economy, and the world can learn valuable lessons. It notes that out of the selected five EU countries, Germany was the first to recover and bounce back by 2011, but Italy and Spain were severely hit and took longer to recover only partially. The recession recovery strategies demonstrate some similarities in economic and employment measures and differences concerning tax reforms and financial support packages initiated by all five countries. There needs to be a mechanism in which each country must prepare for untimely recessions. Thus, a developmental model has been created to enable countries to be more prepared when faced with recessions in the future years

Effect of various concentrations of tetracycline hydrochloride demineralization on root dentin surface: A scanning electron microscopic study

Introduction: Within the last 20 years root demineralization has attracted attention as a periodontal regenerative technique. Topical tetracycline application has been widely reported for use as a conditioner, to decontaminate the root surface and to promote periodontal regeneration. The purpose of this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study is to evaluate the surface characteristics of demineralized diseased and non-diseased dentine root surfaces using different concentrations of tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC-HCl). Material and Methods: This SEM study was carried out in 20 dentin samples obtained from non-diseased human premolars and 20 dentin samples obtained from diseased human premolars. Pure TTC-HCl was applied to the dentin surface at 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 150 mg/ml concentrations for 3 min in experimental groups while distilled (0 mg/ml) water was applied to the control groups. Statistical Analysis: Mean and standard deviation were estimated from the sample for each study group. Mean values were compared by either one-way ANOVA with Tukey-Honestly significant difference procedure or Kruskal - Wallis one way ANOVA with Mann-Whitney u-test. Further Student′s independent t-test/Mann-Whitney u-test was used appropriately to compare the mean values between two independent groups. Results: In the present study using 100 mg/ml tetracycline seems to be more effective on both diseased and non-diseased dentin surfaces. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that pure TTC-HCl conditioning produced comparable surface characteristics on dentin of both diseased and non-diseased roots with 100 mg/ml concentration for 3 min

Long-Term Functional Recovery, Quality of Life, and Pregnancy After Solid Organ Transplantation.

This article reviews the salient features of functional recovery, health-related quality of life (HR-QOL), and reproductive health, with special emphasis on pregnancy outcomes in kidney and liver recipients. Transplantation results in improved functional status and HR-QOL. Addressing factors that limit the optimal rehabilitation of transplant recipients can improve transplant outcomes. After successful transplantation, there is a rapid return of fertility, warranting counseling regarding contraception. Practitioners should be aware of the teratogenic potential of mycophenolic acid products. Posttransplant pregnancies are high risk, with increased incidences of hypertension, preeclampsia, and prematurity. Most pregnancies in kidney and liver recipients have successful maternal and newborn outcomes

An Efficient, Novel, and Sustainable IoT-Based Approach for Attendance Detection through RFID Module and IR Sensor

The maintenance of student attendance at a facility is a challenging endeavor. The attendance is manually inputted, making it easily manipulatable. To effectively monitor and control student attendance in a setting, this research intends to build an intelligent attendance system with a sustainable approach to the problem. This study indicates employing RFID and IR sensors to automatically take attendance. Data can be viewed and stored in a real-time database using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). The firebase database/google sheets are updated when the student’s card is brought close to the RFID module. Additionally, an IR sensor is employed to keep track of the overall number of students entering and leaving the classroom. It would be useful to know how many students are in the class overall, and how many students are in the class overall would be displayed on the LCD outside the class. The outcomes of the research on student attendance will be communicated to the parents, and the number of students in attendance overall will be forwarded to the higher representatives of the institutions. The system alerts the user if there is any discrepancy between the number of RFID tags scanned and the total number of students present in the classroom. The teacher must manually rectify the attendance error after the disparity in the count reveals the proxy in attendance. Future expansion of this research may include the use of biometrics and face recognition to detect the proxy and open up the possibility for a more sustainable environment