Water Resource Management Of Simlapal Micro- Watershed Using Rs- Gis Based Universal Soil

Abstract: Water is one of the essential natural resource for the very survival of life on the planet Earth. Demand for water is increasing day by day, with the ever increasing population, resulted severe water crisis. We need water for agriculture, industry, human and cattle consumption. The available water is also affected by problem of pollution and contamination. Therefore it is very important to manage this very essential resource in a sustainable manner. Hence, we need proper management and development plan to conserve, restore or recharge water, where soil loss is very high due to various topographical conditions. The USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) method is one of the significant RS-GIS tools for prioritization of micro watersheds. A watershed is an ideal unit for study and to implement any model of water management towards achieving sustainable development. The significant factors for the planning and development of a watershed are its physiography, drainage, geomorphology, soil, land use/land cover and available water resources. In the current study, the micro-watershed priority fixation has been adopted under USLE model using Remote Sensing data. SRTM DEM, rainfall data and soil maps have been used to derive various thematic layers. The study area (Simlapal, W.B.) was subjected to USLE model of classifying and prioritizing the micro watersheds. The study area is divided into 22 sub-watersheds with areas ranging from 25 to 30 sq. km from the drainage map. Again each sub-watershed is divided into micro-watersheds with areas ranging from 5to10 sq. km. Thus 77 micro-watersheds were delineated for the present study area, considering all the controlling factors. Based on the results the 77 micro- watersheds could be prioritized in to five ranges viz very high, high, medium, low and very low

Progesterone receptor expression in the human placenta

The presence of progesterone receptors (PR) in the human placenta has been demonstrated using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique. It was observed that the amount of PR in the human placenta is less during late gestation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with nuclear extract isolated from the first trimester and term placenta revealed three complexes when incubated with [P-32]dCTP-labelled progesterone response element, and, in competition with unlabelled progesterone response element, the formation of all three complexes was inhibited. When supershift analysis of these complexes was carried out using antibodies which cross-react with both the A and B types of the PR or only with the B type receptor, only the A-form of PR was detected in the human placenta

Studies on flocculation of clay suspension by polyacrylamide

The flocculation of dilute pottery clay suspension using polyacrylamide (PAM) was investigated. Different molecular weight PAMs were synthesized by free-radical polymerization initiated with the persulfate-bisulfate redox pair. The synthesized polyelectrolytes (PAM1, PAM2 and PAM3, from low to high molecular weight) and a commercial one (C-492) were used for flocculation studies. The flocculating performance of polyelectrolytes was measured on 3% w/v pottery clay suspension using settling tests and turbidity measurements. PAM2 at pH 5.0 showed the maximum settling rate, which is nearly three times that of C-492, and it also showed a better turbidity reduction. Molecular weight is the key factor in influencing settling and turbidity reduction. In the present study, increasing molecular weight enhanced settling rate and turbidity reduction to a certain level beyond which there is a decrease, suggesting an optimum molecular weight for the given application. PAM2, a medium molecular weight polyelectrolyte $(2.0.10^5 g/mol)$ has shown better performance than PAM1 $(1.3.10^5 g/mol)$, PAM3 $(6.0.10^5 g/mol)$ and the commercial polyelectrolyte C-492 (molecular weight of order 106)

Cloning and characterization of bonnet monkey GnRH receptor

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) plays an important role in the reproductive processes of both males and females. It is synthesized by the hypothalamus and binds to a specific receptor on the pituitary to bring about the release of the gonadotrophins, lutineizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, which in turn bring about the release of the gonadal steroids. Although the structure of the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) has been elucidated from a number of sources, no information is available about the receptor from the non-human primate species. Here we report the cloning and characterization of the receptor from the pituitary of the bonnet monkey. Antiserum to a bacterially expressed recombinant fragment was used in Western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy to demonstrate the presence of GnRHR in both human and monkey placentae and pituitary

Cloning and characterization of bonnet monkey GnRH receptor

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) plays an important role in the reproductive processes of both males and females. It is synthesized by the hypothalamus and binds to a specific receptor on the pituitary to bring about the release of the gonadotrophins, lutineizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, which in turn bring about the release of the gonadal steroids. Although the structure of the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) has been elucidated from a number of sources, no information is available about the receptor from the non-human primate species. Here we report the cloning and characterization of the receptor from the pituitary of the bonnet monkey. Antiserum to a bacterially expressed recombinant fragment was used in Western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy to demonstrate the presence of GnRHR in both human and monkey placentae and pituitary

Expression of progesterone receptor mRNA in the first trimester human placenta

The human placenta produces large quantities of progesterone, the function and target tissues of action of which during pregnancy are not completely understood. Although it has been suggested that placenta itself could be a potential target tissue for progesterone action, there is no conclusive evidence for the presence of progesterone receptors in the human placenta. We provide evidence for the expression of progesterone receptor mRNA in the human placenta by reverse transcription coupled to polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This was further confirmed by Southern hybridization, restriction analysis and sequencing of the PCR amplified fragment

Regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA levels by estradiol 17β and chorionic gonadotropin in human placenta

Inhibition of synthesis of estradiol 17β by the addition of inhibitors of aromatase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of estradiol 17β , or addition of tamoxifen- an estrogen receptor antagonist, to human placental minces resulted in an increase in the level of LDL-receptor mRNA. This increase could be blocked by the simultaneous addition of estradiol 17β . A concentration dependent effect of estradiol 17β on the level of LDL-receptor mRNA was seen both in first trimester, and term placenta. Addition of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to term placental minces also increased the LDL-receptor mRNA levels. When hCG and cycloheximide were added together, an additive effect was observed. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LDL-receptor mRNA levels in the human placenta are regulated by estradiol 17β and hCG

Regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA levels by estradiol 17 beta and chorionic gonadotropin in human placenta

Inhibition of synthesis of estradiol 17 beta by the addition of inhibitors of aromatase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of estradiol 17 beta, or addition of tamoxifen - an estrogen receptor antagonist, to human placental minces resulted in an increase in the level of LDL-receptor mRNA. This increase could be blocked by the simultaneous addition of estradiol 17 beta. A concentration dependent effect of estradiol 17 beta on the level of LDL-receptor mRNA was seen both in first trimester, and term placenta. Addition of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to term placental minces also increased the LDL-receptor mRNA levels. When hCG and cycloheximide were added together, an additive effect was observed. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LDL-receptor mRNA levels in the human placenta are regulated by estradiol 17 beta and hCG

Kinetics of palladium catalysed partial oxidation of methane

107-113Catalytic partial oxidation of methane to methanol has been investigated in a pressures range of 5-15 kg/cm² and at different temperatures (573-763 K) in quartz-lined reactor using asbestos supported palladium catalyst. The effect of process variables namely, reaction temperature, ratio of the weight of the catalyst to molar flow rate of methane (W/FA0), pressure on conversion of methane and selectivity to reaction products like methanol, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide were investigated. The kinetic study carried out indicated first order rate for the main reactions. From the effect of temperature on rate constant, activation energy and frequency factors were evaluated. The rate constants are found to be 2.53 and 1.84, activation energies are found to be 186948.60 and 162231.08 for the two main reactions