Procuring organs for transplantation : a European perspective

Background: The shortage of organs for transplant In Europe has been considerable for many years. A number of different policies have been implemented in an attempt to address this problem. These have had varying degrees of success from country to country. Methods: This article provides an up-to-date review of organ procurement policies throughout Europe. Alternative and In some cases controversial organ procurement programmes are also considered to establish whether the increasing demand for organs can be met elsewhere. Results: Transplant waiting lists are the greatest by far for those patients waiting for a kidney replacement. Norway has best managed to address this need through adopting a positive policy choice towards live donation whilst still maintaining an active cadaveric donation policy. Conclusion: With the lowering of both physical and social barriers In Europe, there has been a recent shift towards co-operation between some European countries in promoting transplant activity. This ensures that if an organ becomes available in one country and has no suitable recipient, then it can be used elsewhere. The future may show and increasing trend towards this level of European cooperation in order to make transplant activity more efficient

Organ donation and transplantation - public policy and clinical perspectives

The book provides specialist information via chapters on public policy as well as clinical developments in organ transplantation

An investigation into factors relating to speaking up in the workplace : a thesis (90 credits) presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master's in Business Studies in Management at Massey University, Extramural, New Zealand

This study investigates the factors that enable or prevent employees to speak up. Effective employee communication is vital in early detection of problems. Employee silence is defined as the deliberate withholding of information useful to the progress of an organization. Empowered employees will take personal accountability and ownership of issues. In an increasingly competitive market employee communication and reaction to change is vital for the success or failure of an organization. Previous research has found that failure of employees to speak up can have significant consequences, including decreased innovation and productivity; unreported health and safety incidents; stress; depression; and lower commitment and job satisfaction. This study (N = 240) has confirmed that employees may not speak up out of fear of being labelled in a negative manner. Employees are more likely to speak up when they feel it is safe and worthwhile. This study provides recommendations for managers for enabling and encouraging employees. The present study has found trust in supervisor, supervisor support and self-monitoring were found to be significant predictors of speaking up. Key words: Employee voice, employee silence, communication, management, speaking u

Social capital and deceased organ donation

This chapter examines the link between deceased organ donation and social capital from a theoretical standpoint.In this chapter, the theoretical links between deceased organ donation and social capital theory are examined and evaluated

Cultural attitudes towards death practices, the body after death and life after death in deceased organ donation - a UK Polish migrant perspective

Previous studies have found the perception of the body and death practices can have an influence on perceptions of deceased organ donation. This is the first study in the UK to investigate the views of the Polish migrants, a fast growing community, toward organ donation, death practices and the deceased body. In total, there were 31 participants that took part in the study in one-to-one interviews or small focus group interviews that lasted approximately 1½ hours. The majority were conducted in English and 1 focus group and 7 interviews were in Polish. The interviews were recorded with permission from the participant, transcribed and analysed using grounded theory analysis. Participants believed the body was seen to be useful for others in need of organs after the individual had died. Families were thought to struggle with saying ‘goodbye’ if it was perceived the deceased individual was to ‘live on’ in the recipient. Participants highlighted that within Polish culture, funerals were organised quickly and opencasket burials were common, however these practices would not hinder donation. Being aware of this community's perspective may aid healthcare professionals when discussing deceased organ donation with potential donor familie