Big Reforms but Small Payoffs: Explaining the Weak Record of Growth and Employment in Indian Manufacturing

India has undertaken extensive reforms in its manufacturing sector over the last two decades. However, an acceleration of growth in manufacturing, and a corresponding increase in employment, has eluded India. Why have the reforms not produced the intended results? Using Annual Survey of Industries data at the three digit level for major Indian states, for 1980-2004, we analyze the effects of the reforms that liberalized India’s industrial licensing regime on the performance of registered manufacturing. We find that the performance of the manufacturing sector is heterogeneous across states, as well as across industries. In particular, labor intensive industries and industries dependent on infrastructure have not benefited much from reforms. Industrial performance appears to be contingent on the state specific policy and economic environment. States with relatively inflexible labor regulations have experienced slower growth of labor-intensive industries and slower employment growth overall. Additionally, states with relatively competitive product market regulations and with better infrastructure have experienced larger benefits from reforms.India; Manufacturing; Product Market Deregulation; Labor Laws, Infrastructure

What Constrains Indian Manufacturing?

India has undertaken extensive reforms in its manufacturing sector in the last two decades. However, an acceleration of growth in manufacturing, and a concomitant increase in employment, has eluded India. What might be holding the sector back? Using Annual Survey of Industries data at the three-digit level and difference in estimates this paper finds that the post-reform performance of the manufacturing sector is heterogeneous across industries. In particular, industries dependent on infrastructure or external finance, and labour-intensive industries have not been able to reap the maximum benefits of reforms. The results point to the importance of infrastructure development and financial sector development for the manufacturing sectors growth to accelerate further. They also emphasize the need to clearly identify and address the factors inhibiting the growth of labour-intensive industries.De-licensing, external finance dependence, infrastructure intensity, labour intensity, manufacturing, Reforms

A Study of Two Dimensional Heat Conduction in Exchanger Tubes of Non-Circular Cross-Section

Two types of heat conduction problems have been investigated in this literature. Firstly, the steady state heat conduction through a two dimensional domain of both inner and outer noncircular cross-section whose inner and outer surface are kept at constant but different temperatures and it is solved by using a two dimensional semi-analytic technique called boundary collocation method. In the second case, the steady state heat conduction through the same two dimensional domain whose inner surface is kept at a constant temperature and outer surface is subjected to convective condition is solved using boundary collocation method. Some of the boundary conditions are applied to find the generalised solution of the governing differential equation and the rest of the boundary conditions are used via boundary collocation method for numerical solution. In the boundary collocation method, equal number of points on the inner boundary and on the outer boundary are considered and then necessary numerical method has been adopted to get the complete solution

Synthesis and Characterization of Bi doped BaTiO3 ceramic

Ba1-xBi2x/3TiO3 ceramics were prepared by solid state reaction route in different value of x (i.e., x = 0, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1). Structural property of all compositions is studied by XRD and surface morphology of the sintered pellets is studied by SEM analysis. XRD patterns reports the single phase tetragonal crystal system of the space group P4mm and pattern matched with the standard pattern JCPDS no. 05-0262 and it reveals the crystalline sizes decreases with increase the Bi concentration. SEM image shows the grain size decreases for x=0.01 and x=0.025 and increases with further addition of Bi concentration. The chemical composition of sintered pellets is analyzed by EDX. The temperature dependency dielectric study of Ba1-xBi2x/3TiO3 (i.e., x = 0, 0.025, 0.05) composition is studied. Dielectric constant and transition temperature decreases for x=0.025 and again increases for x=0.05. Curie constant values are calculated from the Curie Weiss law

Empirical Data Study from Higher Education Sector about Improving Productivity of Employees via Job Involvement

Productivity of employees is one of the major management issues receiving much study from many scientists and was regarded as the primary mechanism for improving the performance of organisations. To guarantee long-term success, it is important to be aware of the main variables that affect productivity. This research analyses the impact of job involvement on higher education productivity of employees. In order to achieve this goal, a sample of 242 staff from public institutions in Northern Malaysia gathered primary data through an online survey technique utilising a survey tool. SPSS and AMOS Structural Equation modelling were used to evaluate the data obtained. The findings showed that commitment to work has a substantial beneficial impact on the productivity of employees. This research also shows the substantial beneficial impacts on employee productivity of all aspects of the workforce, namely energy, commitment and absorption

Drug Delivery through Targeted Approach with Special References to Phytosomes

Novel drug delivery is a great tool to deliver the drug at a specific site of action by the means of specific drug carrier like Solid-lipid Nanoparticles, Nano-structured lipid carriers, lipid vesicles, liposomes, phytosomes and ethosomes. Every carrier used in novel drug delivery system to deliver the drug at targeted site requires some special formulation techniques. These techniques help the drug carrier to deliver the active drug at targeted site, by reducing the side-effect, minimizing the dose, increasing the absorption and increasing the efficacy of the drug. There is a recent upsurge to move “back to nature” for healing body ailments because the report states that conventional treatment cause various side effects to the human body after prolonged used. Various novel drug delivery vesicles/‘somes’ are being used for the delivery of phytoconstitutents to the targeted site of action. Phytosome is one of the more reliable and best option for the delivery of herbal constituent to the targeted site. The combination of Novel drug delivery with the transdermal route may be a good idea having fast and targeted delivery of drug. Many health challenges like skin diseases, skin burns, migraine, allergies, cardiac problems, diabetes and trauma like bone fracture could be easily managed by the combination of novel drug delivery and the transdermal route in future