Kurikulum pelajaran vernakular Melayu di Tanah Melayu pada Zaman Kolonel British sehingga perang dunia kedua

Pelajaran vernakular diperkenalkan oleh kolonial British untuk memberi pengetahuan kepada anak-anak orang Melayu supaya mereka boleh membaca dan memahami arahan. Sekolah-sekolah vernakular yang diperkenalkan hanya bertujuan menyedarkan orang Melayu tentang kebolehan membaca, menulis dan mengira. Tahap pelajarannya hanya di peringkat rendah sahaja. Kemudahan yang ada di sekolah-sekolah yang dibina di kampung-kampung amat kurang dan hanya sebagai memenuhi tanggungjawab sosial kolonial British. Kurikulum yang dilaksanakan juga amat rendah tahap akademiknya. Mata pelajaran yang diajar di sekolah rendah berkenaan tidak mempunyai hala tuju untuk meningkatkan taraf akademik anak-anak Melayu ke peringkat sekolah menengah kerana pelajaran vernakular berkenaan terhenti di peringkat rendah.Kebanyakan mereka yang tamat belajar hanya layak memegang jawatan paling rendah dalam pentadbiran kerajaan kolonial. Akhirnya, lepasan pendidikan Melayu berkenaan kembali semula kepada pekerjaan asal keluarga mereka sebagai petani dan nelayan di kampung-kampung. Jelas kepada kita bahawa kolonial British melaksanakan pelajaran dalam kalangan anak-anak Melayu sebagai salah satu cara atau jalan untuk mewujudkan kestabilan politik, mengekalkan status quo orang Melayu, melahirkan pekerja-pekerja rendah dan menghapuskan buta huruf semata-mata

Pemupukan pemikiran aras tinggi dalam proses pengajaran dan pemudahcaraan (Pdpc) bagi membina modul insan berinovasi usahawan

In the Education Development Blueprint 2013-2025 one of the important things that is a prerequisite for the development of human capital in Malaysia is the ability to generate high level thinking skills or the abbreviation KBAT.This aspect is very important in making Malaysia a developed and equal country with a developed nation. Therefore, this study aims to present the need for various important aspects that need to be made at the school level, especially the teachers who implement PdPc in the classroom.In view of these needs, teachers usually maintain traditional teaching methods.The importance of high-level thinking skills is the need to exist in the minds of students to achieve a taxonomic level that involves analyzing, evaluating and creating inventories. Hence, the emergence of quality human capital in the future is among those who are innovating and able to find a way to solve the problems faced.This aspect is lacking amongst students who graduate from school to meet the labor market in Malaysia.The implications of this study allow the students who become labor to be entrepreneurial spirit and the country is no longer dependent on external labor.PdPc in the classroom is the most important aspect of building a skilled human capital in high-level thinking

Perladangan komersial di daerah Hilir Perak pada era kolonial British 1900-1957

Pertanian di negeri Perak sebelum era kolonial dijalankan bagi memenuhi keperluan masyarakat petani dalam satu komuniti yang kecil. Golongan petani tradisional juga mempunyai pelbagai kekangan dalam memastikan kuantiti hasil tanaman mereka meningkat. Pentadbiran kolonial British di negeri Perak bermula pada tahun 1874 telah membawa perubahan dalam perkembangan sektor perladangan serta pertanian dan telah dikategorikan sebagai pertanian yang komersial. Kajian dijalankan untuk mengenalpasti kewujudan perladangan komersial di Hilir Perak dan kepentingannya kepada pembangunan daerah. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menganalisis dokumen rasmi, laporan tahunan, prosiding serta penulisan berkaitan pembangunan era kolonial British di Perak. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan polisi kolonial British telah membawa kepada penubuhan pelbagai ladang tanaman komersial di Hilir Perak. Hilir Perak juga merupakan antara daerah yang menjadi tumpuan sektor perladangan komersial dan telah menjadi sektor yang menyumbang kepada pembangunan negeri Perak. Perladangan komersial di Hilir Perak bukan bersifat monocultivation namun pentadbiran kolonial telah mengambil inisiatif membangunkan sektor perladangan yang terdiri daripada pelbagai jenis tanaman bergantung kepada kesesuaian kawasan. Perladangan komersial yang dijalankan ketika era kolonial telah banyak menyumbang kepada pembangunan daerah Hilir Perak khususnya serta negeri Perak amnya

Declining Production of Cockles in Relation to Ammonia Concentrations in Sungai Buloh River, Selangor

This research was conducted in Kampung Bagan, Sungai Buloh, one of the major areas for cockles farming in Selangor. Based on the Fisheries Annual Statistic Report 2000, issued by the Department of Fisheries Malaysia, the total production of cockle landings in Selangor was 6,922 mt utilizing 654 ha farming area with a production rate of 11 mt/ha. Meanwhile, in the 2011 report, the total production of cockle landings had increased remarkably to 26,505 mt with further expansion of 5,593 ha of cockle farming area. It shows an increasing number of productions and area of cockle’s farming. However, the production rates for 2011 had declined to 4.7 mt/ha. The declining of cockle’s production rate was due to several factors. One of the factors is high ammonia concentration in the water. To test this hypothesis, several water samples were collected from the site to test the ammonia concentration in the water by using the colorimeter base on Salicylate method. From these tests, the readings for ammonia concentration in the farm area ranged from 0.3 mg/L up to 4 mg/L. This indicates that ammonia concentration had exceeded the cockle maximum tolerance level towards ammonia. Thus, high ammonia concentration is one of the factors that cause cockles mortality resulting in declining of cockle production in Selangor. Keywords: Cockles, Ammonia concentration, production rat

The Effectiveness of Detritus Balls on Cockle (Anadara granosa) Growth

The detritus balls had been found to be effective as food for the survival of the cockles (blood cockle, Anadara granosa, Linnaeus 1785) kept in captivity but have not been tested in the field. In this study two plots of farm areas each measuring 20 m X 20 m were selected as testing fields where one served as test plot and the other was the control plot. Initially, there were cockles present in both plots aged about 18 months old measuring between 19 mm to 29 mm and only test plot was treated with 100 detritus balls. After the six months period (from Januar