904 research outputs found
Graphs Cospectral with Kneser Graphs
AMS Subject Classification: 05C50Kneser graph;Johnson scheme;Spectral characterization
Electronic states in a graphene flake strained by a Gaussian bump
The effect of strain in graphene is usually modeled by a pseudo-magnetic
vector potential which is, however, derived in the limit of small strain. In
realistic cases deviations are expected in view of graphene's very high strain
tolerance, which can be up to 25%. Here we investigate the pseudo-magnetic
field generated by a Gaussian bump and we show that it exhibits significant
differences with numerical tight-binding results. Furthermore, we calculate the
electronic states in the strained region for a hexagon shaped flake with
armchair edges. We find that the six-fold symmetry of the wave functions inside
the Gaussian bump is directly related to the different effect of strain along
the fundamental directions of graphene: zigzag and armchair. Low energy
electrons are strongly confined in the armchair directions and are localized on
the carbon atoms of a single sublattice
Bilayer graphene Hall bar with a pn-junction
We investigate the magnetic field dependence of the Hall and the bend
resistances for a ballistic Hall bar structure containing a pn-junction
sculptured from a bilayer of graphene. The electric response is obtained using
the billiard model and we investigate the cases of bilayer graphene with and
without a band gap. Two different conduction regimes are possible: ) both
sides of the junction have the same carrier type, and ) one side of the
junction is n-type while the other one is p-type. The first case shows Hall
plateau-like features in the Hall resistance that fade away as the band gap
opens. The second case exhibits a bend resistance that is asymmetric in
magnetic field as a consequence of snake states along the pn-interface, where
the maximum is shifted away from zero magnetic field
Graphene Hall bar with an asymmetric pn-junction
We investigated the magnetic field dependence of the Hall and the bend
resistances in the ballistic regime for a single layer graphene Hall bar
structure containing a pn-junction. When both regions are n-type the Hall
resistance dominates and Hall type of plateaus are formed. These plateaus occur
as a consequence of the restriction on the angle imposed by Snell's law
allowing only electrons with a certain initial angles to transmit though the
potential step. The size of the plateau and its position is determined by the
position of the potential interface as well as the value of the applied
potential. When the second region is p-type the bend resistance dominates which
is asymmetric in field due to the presence of snake states. Changing the
position of the pn-interface in the Hall bar strongly affects these states and
therefore the bend resistance is also changed. Changing the applied potential
we observe that the bend resistance exhibits a peak around the
charge-neutrality point (CNP) which is independent of the position of the
pn-interface, while the Hall resistance shows a sign reversal when the CNP is
crossed, which is in very good agreement with a recent experiment [J. R.
Williams et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 046602(2011)]
Spectroscopy of snake states using a graphene Hall bar
An approach to observe snake states in a graphene Hall bar containing a
pn-junction is proposed. The magnetic field dependence of the bend resistance
in a ballistic graphene Hall bar structure containing a tilted pn-junction
oscillates as a function of applied magnetic field. We show that each
oscillation is due to a specific snake state that moves along the pn-interface.
Furthermore depending on the value of the magnetic field and applied potential
we can control the lead in which the electrons will end up and hence control
the response of the system
An intelligent group decision-support system and its application for project performance evaluation
Purpose: In any organization there are main goals, with lots of projects designed to achieve these goals. It is important for any organization to determine how much these projects affect the achievement of these goals. The purpose of this paper is to develop a fuzzy multiple attribute-based group decision-support system (FMAGDSS) to evaluate projects' performance in promoting the organization's goals utilizing simple additive weighting (SAW) algorithm and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) algorithm. The proposed FMAGDSS deals with choosing the most appropriate fuzzy ranking algorithm for solving a given fuzzy multi attribute decision making (FMADM) problem with both qualitative and quantitative criteria (attributes), and uncertain judgments of decision makers. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, a FMAGDSS model is designed to determine scores and ranks of every project in promoting the organization's goals. In the first step of FMAGDSS model, all projects are assessed by experts based on evaluation criteria and the organization's goals. The proposed FMAGDSS model will then choose the most appropriate fuzzy ranking method to solve the given FMADM problem. Finally, a sensitivity analysis system is developed to assess the reliability of the decision-making process and provide an opportunity to analyze the impacts of "criteria weights" and "projects" performance' on evaluating projects in achieving the organizations' goals, and to assess the reliability of the decision-making process. In addition, a software prototype has been developed on the basis of FMAGDSS model that can be applied to solve every FMADM problem that needs to rank alternatives according to certain attributes. Findings: The result of this study simplifies and accelerates the evaluation process. The proposed system not only helps organizations to choose the most efficient projects for sustainable development, but also helps them to assess the reliability of the decision-making process, and decrease the uncertainty in final decision caused by uncertain judgment of decision makers. Research limitations/implications: Future studies are suggested to expand this system to evaluate and rank the project proposals. To achieve this goal, the efficiency of the projects in line with organization's goals, should be predicted.Originality/value: This study contributes to the relevant literature by proposing a FMAGDSS model to evaluate projects in promoting organization's goals. The proposed FMAGDSS has ability to choose the most appropriate fuzzy ranking algorithm to solve a given FMADM problem based on the type and the number of attributes and alternatives, considering the least computation and time consumption for ranking alternatives. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Bypassing the bandwidth theorem with PT symmetry
The beat time {\tau}_{fpt} associated with the energy transfer between two
coupled oscillators is dictated by the bandwidth theorem which sets a lower
bound {\tau}_{fpt}\sim 1/{\delta}{\omega}. We show, both experimentally and
theoretically, that two coupled active LRC electrical oscillators with
parity-time (PT) symmetry, bypass the lower bound imposed by the bandwidth
theorem, reducing the beat time to zero while retaining a real valued spectrum
and fixed eigenfrequency difference {\delta}{\omega}. Our results foster new
design strategies which lead to (stable) pseudo-unitary wave evolution, and may
allow for ultrafast computation, telecommunication, and signal processing.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
WAS FAIR FAIR TO U.S. CORN GROWERS? AN ANALYSIS OF THE PAYMENTS OFFERED TO CORN GROWERS UNDER THE 1996 FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND REFORM ACT
The 1996 Farm Bill (FAIR) dramatically changed agricultural policy for producers of many commodities. A series of 7 annual decoupled payments replaced the deficiency-payment program. Option-pricing techniques are used to determine whether program benefits to corn producers are smaller or larger under the new program than the old.Agricultural and Food Policy,
Quasi-bound states of Schrodinger and Dirac electrons in magnetic quantum dot
The properties of a two-dimensional electron are investigated in the presence
of a circular step magnetic field profile. Both electrons with parabolic
dispersion as well as Dirac electrons with linear dispersion are studied. We
found that in such a magnetic quantum dot no electrons can be confined.
Nevertheless close to the Landau levels quasi-bound states can exist with a
rather long life time.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
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