28 research outputs found
Study of Blood-transfusion Services in Maharashtra and Gujarat States, India
Blood-transfusion services are vital to maternal health because haemorrhage and anaemia are major causes of maternal death in South Asia. Unfortunately, due to continued governmental negligence, blood-transfusion services in India are a highly-fragmented mix of competing independent and hospital-based blood-banks, serving the needs of urban populations. This paper aims to understand the existing systems of blood-transfusion services in India focusing on Maharashtra and Gujarat states. A mix of methodologies, including literature review (including government documents), analysis of management information system data, and interviews with key officials was used. Results of analysis showed that there are many managerial challenges in blood-transfusion services, which calls for strengthening the planning and monitoring of these services. Maharashtra provides a good model for improvement. Unless this is done, access to blood in rural areas may remain poor
Boron and Gamma ray irradiation effects on I-V and C-V characteristics of photo detector MRD 500
This paper describes the effect of 30- and 60-MeV Boron ion and Gamma ray (Co-60) irradn. effects on silicon photo detector (MRD 500 Motorola manufd.) for various fluence/doses. The devices are systematically investigated by I-V and C-V measurements. The radiation induced elec. degrdn. is studied from I-V measurements. C-V measurements are made to est. the effect of irradn. on the doping concn. of the devices. The characteristics studied in this investigation show that Si PIN photodiodes are suitable for use in high radiation environment
Study of Blood-transfusion Services in Maharashtra and Gujarat States, India
Blood-transfusion services are vital to maternal health because
haemorrhage and anaemia are major causes of maternal death in South
Asia. Unfortunately, due to continued governmental negligence,
blood-transfusion services in India are a highly-fragmented mix of
competing independent and hospital-based blood-banks, serving the needs
of urban populations. This paper aims to understand the existing
systems of blood-transfusion services in India focusing on Maharashtra
and Gujarat states. A mix of methodologies, including literature review
(including government documents), analysis of management information
system data, and interviews with key officials was used. Results of
analysis showed that there are many managerial challenges in
blood-transfusion services, which calls for strengthening the planning
and monitoring of these services. Maharashtra provides a good model for
improvement. Unless this is done, access to blood in rural areas may
remain poor
Boron Ion Interaction with pnp Bipolar Power Transistor and Displacement Damage Effects on its Electrical Characteristics
AbstractBipolar junction transistors used in switching and amplification applications is examined for their electrical performance after irradiation with 60 MeV boron ions of different fluence. Unirradiated device base current is 5.97×10-5 A while it is 9.03×10-4 A after irradiation with a fluence of 1×1012 ions/cm2. For unirradiated device collector current is 1.22×10-3 A and is 7.31×10-4 A after irradiation to a fluence of 1×1012 ions/cm2. Base current increases whereas collector current decreases after irradiation with a fluence of 1×1012 ions/cm2. The magnitude of decrease in collector current is approximately same as that of the increase in base current, showing the leakage of the collector current due to irradiation. The output collector gain of the unirradiated transistor is 20.5 after irradiation to a fluence of 1×1012 ions/cm2 it has reduced to 0.81. The capacitance measurements for base-emitter junction show that for the unirradiated and irradiated samples, linearity of the curves indicate uniformity of shallow doping concentration. The built in potential (Vbi) for unirradiated device is 2.69V and after irradiation it is 2.52V. The device is also studied for activation energy, trap concentration and capture cross-section of deep levels are studied using deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) technique. Majority carrier trap level is observed with energy Ev+0.784eV
Maternal Health Situation in India: A Case Study
Since the beginning of the Safe Motherhood Initiative, India has accounted for at least a quarter of maternal deaths reported globally. India's goal is to lower maternal mortality to less than 100 per 100,000 livebirths but that is still far away despite its programmatic efforts and rapid economic progress over the past two decades. Geographical vastness and sociocultural diversity mean that maternal mortality varies across the states, and uniform implementation of health-sector reforms is not possible. The case study analyzes the trends in maternal mortality nationally, the maternal healthcare-delivery system at different levels, and the implementation of national maternal health programmes, including recent innovative strategies. It identifies the causes for limited success in improving maternal health and suggests measures to rectify them. It recommends better reporting of maternal deaths and implementation of evidence-based, focused strategies along with effective monitoring for rapid progress. It also stresses the need for regulation of the private sector and encourages further public-private partnerships and policies, along with a strong political will and improved management capacity for improving maternal health
Maternal Health in Gujarat, India: A Case Study
Gujarat state of India has come a long way in improving the health
indicators since independence, but progress in reducing maternal
mortality has been slow and largely unmeasured or documented. This case
study identified several challenges for reducing the maternal mortality
ratio, including lack of the managerial capacity, shortage of skilled
human resources, non-availability of blood in rural areas, and
infrastructural and supply bottlenecks. The Gujarat Government has
taken several initiatives to improve maternal health services, such as
partnership with private obstetricians to provide delivery care to poor
women, a relatively-short training of medical officers and nurses to
provide emergency obstetric care (EmOC), and an improved emergency
transport system. However, several challenges still remain.
Recommendations are made for expanding the management capacity for
maternal health, operationalization of health facilities, and ensuring
EmOC on 24/7 (24 hours a day, seven days a week) basis by posting
nurse-midwives and trained medical officers for skilled care, ensuring
availability of blood, and improving the registration and auditing of
all maternal deaths. However, all these interventions can only take
place if there are substantially- increased political will and social
awareness
Maternal Health Situation in India: A Case Study
Since the beginning of the Safe Motherhood Initiative, India has
accounted for at least a quarter of maternal deaths reported globally.
India's goal is to lower maternal mortality to less than 100 per
100,000 livebirths but that is still far away despite its programmatic
efforts and rapid economic progress over the past two decades.
Geographical vastness and sociocultural diversity mean that maternal
mortality varies across the states, and uniform implementation of
health-sector reforms is not possible. The case study analyzes the
trends in maternal mortality nationally, the maternal
healthcare-delivery system at different levels, and the implementation
of national maternal health programmes, including recent innovative
strategies. It identifies the causes for limited success in improving
maternal health and suggests measures to rectify them. It recommends
better reporting of maternal deaths and implementation of
evidence-based, focused strategies along with effective monitoring for
rapid progress. It also stresses the need for regulation of the private
sector and encourages further public-private partnerships and policies,
along with a strong political will and improved management capacity for
improving maternal health
Graphics based instructional software for decision tree analysis using Bayesian methodology
Computers and Education193267-273COME
An Interactive Simulation Model for the Logistics Planning of Container Operations in Seaports
Simulation665291-300SIMU