Clinical outcomes associated with coadministration of lopinavir/ritonavir-based ART and rifampicin-containing TB treatment.

<p>T-test, Chi-square, and Fisher’s tests used for comparisons, * p<0.05.</p

Baseline characteristics of patients at initiation of lopinavir/ritonavir-based second line ART, according to treatment group.

<p>Baseline characteristics of patients at initiation of lopinavir/ritonavir-based second line ART, according to treatment group.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the impact of lopinavir/ritonavir dosing strategy among patients with HIV/TB coinfection on time until treatment discontinuation.

<p>Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the impact of lopinavir/ritonavir dosing strategy among patients with HIV/TB coinfection on time until treatment discontinuation.</p

Gag expression in Jurkat cells transfected with <i>gag</i> mRNA.

<p>A. Gag production correlates with mRNA concentration. Jurkat cells were transfected by electroporation with increasing doses of synthetic codon-optimized gag mRNA. After 24 hours, the amount of Gag in the supernatant was determined by ELISA. The line shows linear fit (R²>0.99). B. The amount of Gag in cell supernatants is representative of the median Gag production in electroporated cells. Jurkat cells were transfected with varying doses of gag mRNA; after 24 hours, cell supernatants were harvested for ELISA, and cell pellets were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with anti-Gag/p24 antibody. Gag production as measured by ELISA is shown on the Y axis; Gag production as measured by MFI (median fluorescence intensity) is shown on the X axis. Line shows linear fit (R² = 0.93). ELISA values are the average of triplicate wells.</p

Univariate and multivariate Cox Regression Analysis for time to lactic acidosis or hyperlactatemia.

<p>Multivariate model with 80 events, 1546 subjects with complete data for all variables.</p

Kaplan Meier curves for lactic acidosis/hyperlactatemia-free survival for patients initiated on either stavudine- or zidovudine-containing antiretroviral therapy (p = .006).

<p>Kaplan Meier curves for lactic acidosis/hyperlactatemia-free survival for patients initiated on either stavudine- or zidovudine-containing antiretroviral therapy (p = .006).</p

Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis for time to lactic acidosis or hyperlactatemia limited to women with BMI≥25 kg/m2.

<p>Multivariate model with 20 events, 298 subjects with complete data for all variables.</p

Incidence of mitochondrial toxicity, death and loss to follow-up by initial treatment.

1<p>Primary endpoint: 37 lactic acidosis, 43 hyperlactatemia.</p>2<p>As indicated by clinician report in the medical record.</p

Patient characteristics at study entry by treatment arm.

1<p>Chi-square test was used for categorical variables, T-test for continuous where mean and standard deviation reported, and Wilcoxon rank sum where median and IQR reported.</p

Criteria for lactic acidosis and hyperlactatemia outcomes¹.

1<p>Based on AACTG criteria <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0018736#pone.0018736-Lonergan1" target="_blank">[19]</a>.</p>2<p>Bicarbonate <20 mmol/L or pH<7.35.</p>3<p>New or otherwise unexplained symptoms of nausea or vomiting, abdominal pain or discomfort, abdominal distention, increased hepatic transaminases, unexplained fatigue, dyspnea, weight loss (≥5%), or muscle weakness.</p