Evaluation of Correlation of Blood Type, Gender, Age and BMI on Cognitive Ability of 125 top 10 Undergraduated Students

Introduction: Cognitive abilities have been the focus of behavior investigations for decades. Cognitive impairment share many common risk factors, such as hypertension, elevated cholesterol, hyperglycemia, and obesity are all associated with longitudinal declines in cognitive function and dementia. We investigated correlation of blood type, age, gender and BMI on cognitive abilities of 125 top 10 undergraduated medical students. Objective: This study aimed to determine and evaluate the correlation of blood type, age, gender and BMI on cognitive abilities of 125 top 10 undergraduated medical students in Ahmad Shah Abdali Higher Education Institute of Khost province of Afghanistan. Method and Materials: It is prospective descriptive cross sectional study, on 125 top 10 undergraduated medical students in Ahmad Shah Abdali Higher Education Institute of Khost province from 2019/ Nov / 07 to 2020/ Apr / 06. The including parameters were blood type, age, gender, BMI of all 125 participants under study that recorded in computer special format. Blood type and BMI are done by special regents and scale. Recorded findings processing, comparison and evaluation results have been identified by IBM SPSS-25 version. Results: The study was conducted during (5) month on 125 top 10 undergraduated medical students in Ahmad shah Abdali Higher Education Institute of Khost province. Initially we described all participants according to gender and age. At the current study the female participants were 71 (56.8) and male were 54 (43.2), with (mean age: 21.27 ± 2.38; range: 17-29 years). All participants of this study were from all classes (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th) and each main class has two or more subclasses. Statistic description of all participants, according to blood type shows that (B+) blood type was more prevalent 38 (30.4) among the whole participants, and in the second grade was (O+) blood type 28 (22.4). For comparison we divided all participants into two groups, high cognitive group according to roll number (from 1 to 5, roll number one is the best learned and intelligent student in the class and this grade is gradually decreased up to roll number 10th) and low cognitive group according to roll number (from 6 to 10). In the high cognitive group included 64 students. Statistic description of the high cognitive group shows that number of female 36 (56.3) participants is more prevalent than male 28 (43.8) participants. The (B+) blood type participants are more prevalent 25 (39.1) inside this group, and the (O+) blood type 14 (21.9) is in the second grade. Mean age: 21.18 ± 2.20; range: 17-28 years. Mean BMI; 22.84± 3.43, range: 16.48-31.14. In the low cognitive group included 61 students. Statistic description of the low cognitive group shows that prevalent of female 35 (57.4) higher than male 26 (42.6). The prevalent of (A+) blood type participants were highest 16 (26.2) inside this group, and the (O+) blood type 14 (23.0) is in the second grade. Mean age: 21.36 ± 2.57; range: 17-29 years. Mean BMI; 23.11± 3.31, range: 16.42-30.10. For comparison between high and low groups we detected following findings. The number of female in high cognitive group was more prevalent 36 (28.8) than female in low cognitive group 35 (26.85), (P<1.00). The (B+) blood type was more prevalent in high cognitive group 25 (20.0), and the second grade (O+) blood type 14 (11.2) and the third grade (A+) blood type are gradually decreased, but in comparison to the blood type in low cognitive group (A+) blood type is more prevalent 16 (12.28) than the others, and the second grade was (O+) blood type 14 (10.74), (P<0.390). Mean average and age range are in the high group: 21.18 ± 2.20; range: 17-28 years, but in low group mean average and age range: 21.3607 ± 2.57; range: 17-29 years. Mean average and BMI range in the high group is; 22.84 ± 3.43, range: 16.48-31.14, but in low group are 23.11 ± 3.31, range: 16.42-30.10, (P<0.735). Conclusion: Overall, findings of our study indicated that, age, gender, blood type and BMI have no significant correlation with cognitive ability of undergraduated students. However, this issue needs to further investigations in socialeconomical, cultural, political, genetics, environment and geographical areas to confirm these findings

Effect of Deficit Irrigations and Sowing Methods on Mung Bean Productivity

A field experiment was designed to study the response of Mungbean to deficit irrigation levels and sowing methods. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement replicated three times. Water treatments were controlled at I0 (zero percent irrigation), I33 (33% of full irrigation), I67 (67% of full irrigation) and I100 (full irrigation). Full irrigation was determined on the basis of 65% management allowed deficit (MAD). Results shows that I67 and I100 not significant for pods plant-1 while these were highly significant for the sowing methods. The pods per plant are highly significant for I0 and I33 levels. The sowing methods and irrigation levels both have significant impact on grain yield and biological yield. The biological yields continuously and consistently increase with the increase in irrigation levels. The harvest index of Mungbean and its water productivity both increase in irrigation levels certain level. The maximum irrigation applied at 65% MAD substantially decreases the Mungbean water productivity when compared to the harvest index. It was concluded that Mungbean MAD in semi-arid region of Peshawar may be exploited further; more moisture contents may be further extracted before applying next irrigation in raised bed technique in special and as usual in flat beds. Keywords: Deficit irrigation, Irrigation levels, Sowing method, Growth attributes, Mung bean

Study the Causes of Work Related Stress Risk in Construction Sector in Afghanistan

This study was carried out to study the causes of stress risk in the construction sector of Afghanistan. It has become a growing concern in many sectors, not to mention the construction sector. It is important to ensure that workers can perform at their best, considering the construction industry\u27s highly competitive demands and competition. Stress risk has been identified as an important factor influencing an organization\u27s success, as it negatively affects the organization\u27s productivity, professionals\u27 health and safety, efficiency, and costs. The issue of work-related stress risk in the construction sector of Afghanistan is not commonly discussed. The objectives of this study are to find the causes of work-related stress risk. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey in Afghanistan through email from construction industry professionals such as project managers, site supervisors, project engineers, quantity surveyors, and architects. The data was analyzed using frequency analysis, the average index. For the causes of work-related stress risk, the main issues were the lack of management and control over work and increasing the employee’s expectations using the standard of safety. Based on the analysis of likelihood and severity, Ninth factors were in the very high and two were neutral the high stress risk at construction site were lack management and it supports, increase in duties, lack tool and safety.

Effect of Deficit Irrigations and Sowing Methods on Mung Bean Productivity

A field experiment was designed to study the response of Mungbean to deficit irrigation levels and sowing methods. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement replicated three times. Water treatments were controlled at I0 (zero percent irrigation), I33 (33% of full irrigation), I67 (67% of full irrigation) and I100 (full irrigation). Full irrigation was determined on the basis of 65% management allowed deficit (MAD). Results shows that I67 and I100 not significant for pods plant-1 while these were highly significant for the sowing methods. The pods per plant are highly significant for I0 and I33 levels. The sowing methods and irrigation levels both have significant impact on grain yield and biological yield. The biological yields continuously and consistently increase with the increase in irrigation levels. The harvest index of Mungbean and its water productivity both increase in irrigation levels certain level. The maximum irrigation applied at 65% MAD substantially decreases the Mungbean water productivity when compared to the harvest index. It was concluded that Mungbean MAD in semi-arid region of Peshawar may be exploited further; more moisture contents may be further extracted before applying next irrigation in raised bed technique in special and as usual in flat beds. Keywords: Deficit irrigation, Irrigation levels, Sowing method, Growth attributes, Mung bean

Analysis of Helicobacter pylori gastritis according to Sydney classification.

Introduction: Since H. Pylori has been isolated in stomach and duodenum, there were individual methodologies to explain the grading according to colonization and density of microorganism. In 1990 Sydney system of classification was proposed at the 9th world congress of gastroenterology in Sydney Australia, based on topo-graphical, morphological and etiological findings. This classification revised in 1994 and updated by experts in Houston Texas. H. Pylori is major cause of chronic gastri-tis results in gastric and peptic ulcer. It also causes MALT lymphoma and malignan-cy. For histopathological examination four specimens, two from antrum and two from corpus are recommended.Objective: To evaluate the Sydney system of classification and grading for H. Pylori in local population.Methodology: 287 cases of biopsies received at the department of pathology Mu-hammad Medical College, Mirpurkhas Sindh Pakistan, during the period of January 2017 to December 2018 were revised. Sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin; Alcian blue and periodic acid Schiff to define H. Pylori and associated pathological changes. The microscopical findings classified according to upgraded Sydney pattern.Results: Out of 287 cases of gastric biopsies 23 (8.0%) were positive for H. Pylori. chronic inflammation present in 168 (58.5%). Neutrophilic activity found in 58 (18.1%). Atrophy without metaplasia observed in 31 (10.8%). Intestinal metaplasia present in 1 (0.3%) cases.Conclusion: Sydney system of grading is best to evaluate chronic gastritis and relia-ble indicator of H. Pylori microorganism. Keywords: Chronic gastritis, Gastric carcinoma. H. Pylori

Mucocutaneous Manifestations of Covid-19 in an Isolation Unit of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the frequency of mucocutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19. METHODOLOGY This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the isolation ward of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, for COVID-19-positive patients from 20th June to 30th July 2020. One hundred and twenty COVID-19-positive patients were included in our study. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were subjected to a detailed clinical history and mucocutaneous and systemic examination. Relevant investigations were done. Data was recorded in predesigned proforma and analyzed for various statistical variables. RESULTS Among 120 patients included in our study, 87 were male and 33 female. Most patients belonged to the age group 21-40 years. A total of 17 patients showed mucocutaneous manifestations. Generalized pruritus and petechial rash were the most common, and the maculopapular rash were the least common. Mucosal involvement was seen in 2 patients. CONCLUSION Mucocutaneous manifestations are essential clues in the diagnosis of COVID-19. Early recognition may help in the effective management of patient

Application of Adomian Decomposition Method for Sumudu Transform

In this paper, Adomian decomposition method (ADM) is employed to compute Sumudu transform of some typical functions. In this method, the solution is found in the form of a convergent power series with  easily  computed components. To  show  the  efficiency  of  the  method, numerical examples are presented and a MAPLE code is provided that computes Sumudu transform of typical functions quickly. It is demonstrated that like HPM, this method is also quite easy and fast to compute Sumudu transforms