The good, the bad, and the ugly: divorced mothers’ experiences with coparenting

This study produces a grounded theory of how 20 predominantly White, well-educated women experienced sharing physical custody of their children with their former partners after divorce or separation. Three patterns of coparenting were identified in the data: continuously contentious, always amicable, and bad to better. Five negative factors and three positive factors that influenced mothers’ coparenting relationships were identified. The type of relationship women had with their ex-partners was related to how they shared custody of their children (e.g., how they exchanged their children). The findings of this study suggest that shared physical custody relationships are dynamic and can vary greatly

A 45° phase shifter in microstrip-slot technology for beam forming network application

The design of 45 degree multilayer microstrip-slot phase shifter operating at 2. 45GHz is presented in this paper. The device consists of a ground conductor layer in the middle of the two substrates. The design is accomplished with the use of design software and EM analysis. Low insertion loss and good return loss performances at 2. 45GHz for the designed structures are noted

3-dB Branch-line coupler using coupled line radial stub with no restriction on coupling power

Investigation on the design of coupled line radial stub towards 3-dB branch-line coupler (BLC) operating for fourth generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) at 3.5 GHz has been presented in this paper. The investigation involves different parameter value of the radius of radial stub and coupled line length at the series and shunt arm of 3-dB BLC designs specifically without restriction on the coupling power performance. The designed BLC was simulated using Rogers RO4003C substrate with thickness of 0.508 mm and dielectric constant of 3.38. The results for proposed radial stub BLC were being compared in terms of S-parameter and phase difference. The comparison shows that 3-dB BLC with radial shaped stub optimized to 79% reduction compared to conventional design without having to compromise the performance result especially with no restriction on the coupling power

Exploitation of the electromagnetic band gap (EBG) in 3-dB multi-layer branch-line coupler

An advanced shift that driven with high carrier frequencies, wide bandwidths, device densities, unique numbers, universal high-rate coverage and a seamless user experience present future 5G air interface and spectrum together with LTE is currently experiencing an explosive growth in the communication world. This letter presents performance improvement of multi-layer slot coupled 3 dB Branch-Line Coupler (BLC) with the integration of electromagnetic band gap into the design. The proposed BLC is simulated on a Rogers RT/duroid 5880 with permittivity of 3.38 and designed to operate at 7 GHz. A configuration of uniplanar compact electromagnetic band-gap (UC-EBG) structures is exploited to serve as a slot coupled ground to reduce mutual coupling between the radiating elements and to achieve a higher operating resonance frequency. The periodic structure of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) is considered in RF-microwave industry due to their extraordinary surface wave suppression property. The proposed BLC delivered simulated coupling and transmission values of 3.12 and 4.04 dB, respectively. The impedance bandwidths (BW) of the BLC significantly increase to 120% when integrated with an EBG slot coupled ground plane. The proposed BLC design was accomplished in multilayer microstrip-slot technology by employing coupling technique. Ultimately, these applications produce wide operational bandwidth in which the BLC will serves as an essential key beam forming network element for future 5G wireless communications