Characterization of the behavior of carotenoids from pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) and buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) during microemulsion production and in a dynamic gastrointestinal system

Uncommon tropical fruits are emerging as raw-material for new food products with health benefits. This work aimed at formulating and processing microemulsions from pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) and buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) fruits, since they are very rich in carotenoids (particularly lycopene and -carotene), in order to encapsulate and increase carotenoids bioaccessibility. Pitanga and buriti microemulsions were produced by applying a direct processing (high-speed homogenization at 15,000 rpm and ultrasound with 20 kHz probe at 40% amplitude) of the whole pulp together with surfactant (Tween 80 or Whey Protein Isolate at 2%) and corn oil (5%). All treatments (HSHUS for 04, 40, 44, 48 minmin) applied were able to increase the amount of carotenoid released. However, the processing also decreased the total amount of carotenoids in the whole pulp of studied fruits. The impact of processing during microemulsion production was not severe. The overall data suggest that the presence of surfactant and oil during processing may protect the carotenoids in fruits and microemulsions. Final recovery of total carotenoids, after passing the samples through a dynamic gastrointestinal system that simulates the human digestion, was higher for microemulsions than for whole pulps. High losses of total carotenoids in buriti and -carotene and lycopene in pitanga occurred during jejunum and ileum phases. The present work confirms that it is possible to increase -carotene and lycopene bioaccessibility from fruits by directly processing microemulsions (p<0.01).This work was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation—FAPESP through research funding [Grant #2015/15507-9] and Ph.D. scholarship for Paulo Berni [Grant #2014/15119-6] and a Research Internships Abroad (BEPE) support [Grant #2016/13355-0]. The author Ana C. Pinheiro is recipient of a fellowship from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [Grant SFRH/BPD/101181/2014]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Creación e implementación de la unidad de gestión de los servicios de saneamiento de la municipalidad distrital de San Jerónimo de Tunan

TesisPrimeramente fue necesario, la identificación de todas las instituciones involucradas en el área de estudio y el funcionamiento teórico ideal de las mismas en materia de gestión. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es determinar la influencia de la creación e implementación de la Unidad de Gestión de los Servicios de Saneamiento en la Municipalidad Distrital de San Jerónimo de Tunan trabajo es contribuir al logro de la sostenibilidad del desempeño de los entes sectoriales de desarrollo, mediante la elaboración de instrumentos para valorar los niveles de gestión institucional de creación, específicamente dentro del sector Agua y saneamiento. Seguidamente se elabora la estructura orgánica, la elaboración de cuadro de asignación presupuestal, para llegar a la elaboración del manual de organización y funciones MOF. El presente estudio se enmarca dentro PLAN NACIONAL DE SANEAMIENTO 2006-2015, integrado por el Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento, ente rector del Estado en los asuntos referentes a los servicios de saneamiento, a través del Viceministerio de Construcción y Saneamiento (VMCS) y de la Dirección Nacional de Saneamiento (DNS); las Direcciones Regionales de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento y la Superintendencia Nacional de Servicios de Saneamiento, (SUNASS), en su calidad de Ente Regulador

Expression and functional analysis of two lycopene β-cyclases from citrus fruits

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