Emerging Applications of Bacterial Spores in Nanobiotechnology

Bacterial spores are robust and dormant life forms with formidable resistance properties, in part, attributable to the multiple layers of protein that encase the spore in a protective and flexible shield. The coat has a number of features pertinent to the emerging field of nanobiotechnology including self-assembling protomers and the capacity for engineering and delivery of foreign molecules. This review gives an account of recent progress describing the use of the spore, and specifically, the spore coat as a vehicle for heterologous antigen presentation and protective immunization (vaccination). As interest in the spore coat increases it seems likely that they will be exploited further for drug and enzyme delivery as well as a source of novel self-assembling proteins

The Estimation of the Effective Centre of Mass Energy in q-qbar-gamma Events from DELPHI

The photon radiation in the initial state lowers the energy available for the e$^+$e$^-$ collisions; this effect is particularly important at LEP2 energies (above the mass of the Z boson). Being aligned to the beam direction, such initial state radiation is mostly undetected. This article describes the procedure used by the DELPHI experiment at LEP to estimate the effective centre-of-mass energy in hadronic events collected at energies above the Z peak. Typical resolutions ranging from 2 to 3 GeV on the effective center-of-mass energy are achieved, depending on the event topology.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Perbedaan Kompetensi Sosial Anak Berdasarkan Tipe Pendidikan Prasekolah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran tipe pendidikan prasekolah dalam kompetensi sosial anak. Dua hipotesis diajukan untuk menguji perbedaan kompetensi sosial anak dengan tipe pendidikan prasekolah penuh waktu dan paruh waktu. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 209 orang anak usia lima sampai dengan enam tahun yang mengikuti salah satu tipe pendidikan prasekolah (paruh waktu atau penuh waktu) yang berasal dari enam Taman Kanak-kanak di Yogyakarta (Budi Mulia I Kaliurang, Primagama Kaliurang, ABA Purwodiningratan, Nurul Islam Ringroad Barat, BIAS Kaliurang, dan Budi Mulia Dua Seturan). Data penelitian diperoleh dengan menggunaka skala kompetensi sosial, kuesioner keluarga dan dokumentasi sekolah. Skala kompetensi sosial dinilai oleh guru kelas dengan menggunakan teknik interrater. Jumlah item pada skala kompetensi sosial adalah 30 item. Setelah uji coba terdapat 4 item yang gugur. Daya beda item berkisar dari 0,303-0,581 dengan angka reliabilitas 0,890. Sedangkan nilai reliabilitas antar rater berkisar antara 0,867-0,998. Hasil ANCOVA, diperoleh kesimpulan hasil penelitian bahwa: (1) ada perbedaan kompetensi sosial anak dengan tipe pendidikan prasekolah paruh waktu dan penuh waktu. Kompetensi sosial anak dengan tipe pendidikan prasekolah penuh waktu lebih tinggi daripada kompetensi sosial anak dengan tipe pendidikan prasekolah paruh waktu (F = 21,612; p = 0,000). (2) tidak ada korelasi antara kompetensi sosial anak yang berusia lima tahun sampai dengan enam tahun (F = 1,781; p = 0,184)

Identifying Key Elements of Social Care Practice in Successful Care Settings for Older People in Ireland: Steps towards \u27Wise\u27 Social Care

This article examines wise social care practices in two elder care settings in Ireland, a day centre in Dublin and a nursing home in the West of Ireland. Based on interviews with staff and service-users as well as close observations of interactions in each setting, the paper describes social care practices which have empowering and enabling effects. These practices are explored in the light of understandings of practical wisdom and in the context of connectedness to surrounding communities. The article describes multi-dimensional and authentic relationships which extend beyond the centres themselves and represent a blend of affective, cognitive and ethical capacities of those in charge that elicit positive responsiveness in others. The humane practices we report on here are less observable and translatable into ‘best’ practice than HIQA regulatory standards. Yet, in order to achieve person-centred care, practices that are more strictly measurable should not be the only criteria of ‘excellence’ in care settings. Inspections should also focus on the quality of the relationships that can be termed ‘wise’ practice; these inspections themselves need to be carried out wisely

Lie group analysis of a generalized Krichever-Novikov differential-difference equation

The symmetry algebra of the differential--difference equation $$\dot u_n = [P(u_n)u_{n+1}u_{n-1} + Q(u_n)(u_{n+1}+u_{n-1})+ R(u_n)]/(u_{n+1}-u_{n-1}),$$ where $P$, $Q$ and $R$ are arbitrary analytic functions is shown to have the dimension 1 \le \mbox{dim}L \le 5. When $P$, $Q$ and $R$ are specific second order polynomials in $u_n$ (depending on 6 constants) this is the integrable discretization of the Krichever--Novikov equation. We find 3 cases when the arbitrary functions are not polynomials and the symmetry algebra satisfies \mbox{dim}L=2. These cases are shown not to be integrable. The symmetry algebras are used to reduce the equations to purely difference ones. The symmetry group is also used to impose periodicity $u_{n+N}=u_n$ and thus to reduce the differential--difference equation to a system of $N$ coupled ordinary three points difference equations

Evaluation Techniques and Systems for Answer Set Programming: a Survey

Answer set programming (ASP) is a prominent knowledge representation and reasoning paradigm that found both industrial and scientific applications. The success of ASP is due to the combination of two factors: a rich modeling language and the availability of efficient ASP implementations. In this paper we trace the history of ASP systems, describing the key evaluation techniques and their implementation in actual tools

Enhancing Web Applications Observability through Instrumented Automated Browsers

In software engineering, observability is the ability to determine the current state of a software system based on its external outputs or signals such as metrics, logs, or traces. Web engineers rely on the web browser console as the primary tool to monitor the client-side of web applications during end-to-end tests. However, this is a manual and time-consuming task due to the different browsers available. This paper presents BrowserWatcher, an open-source browser extension providing cross-browser capabilities to observe web applications and automatically gather browser console logs in different browsers (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, or Edge). We have leveraged this extension to conduct an empirical study analyzing the browser console of the top-50 public websites manually and automatically. The results show that BrowserWatcher gathers all the well-known log categories such as console or error traces. It also reveals that each web browser additionally includes other types of logs, which differ among browsers, thus providing distinct pieces of information for the same website.This work was partially supported in part by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Spain (10.13039/501100011033) through the H2O Learn project under Grant PID2020-112584RB-C31, in part by the Madrid Regional Government through the e-Madrid-CM Project, Spain under Grant S2018/TCS-4307, and in part supported by the Comunidad de Madrid and Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain through the V-PRICIT Research Programme Apoyo a la realización de Proyectos de I+D para jóvenes investigadores UPM-CAM, under Grant APOYOJOVENES-QINIM8-72-PKGQ0J. Funding for Article Processing Charge (APC): Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Read & Publish Agreement CRUE-CSIC 2023)