9,735 research outputs found
Tunable circular dipolelike system in graphene: Mixed electron-hole states
Coupled electron-hole states are realized in a system consisting of a
combination of an electrostatic potential barrier and ring-shaped potential
well, which resembles a circular dipole. A perpendicular magnetic field induces
confined states inside the Landau gaps which are mainly located at the barrier
or ring. Hybridizations between the barrier and ring states are seen as
anticrossings in the energy spectrum. As a consequence, the energy levels show
an oscillating dependence on the electrostatic potential strength in
combination with an oscillating migration of the wave functions between the
barrier and ring. At the anticrossing points the quantum state consists of a
mixture of electron and hole. The present system mimics closely the behavior of
a relativistic dipole on gapped graphene.Comment: 9 pages and 9 figure
Farm Cost Allocation Based on the Maximum Entropy Methodology - The Case of Saskatchewan Crop Farms
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) has an ongoing research program to provide information on the effect of potential agricultural policy and technology scenarios on the environment and the economic conditions, behavior and performance in the agriculture sector. Included in this work program is a project to improve our farm level data on cost of production and farm management practices for economic and environmental analysis. As part of this effort to improve our data, this report evaluates an analytical method, called Maximum Entropy (ME), for its effectiveness in extracting detailed, enterprise level, cost of production information from whole-farm data. The ME method has been shown to be a promising and cost-effective option for obtaining these enterprise-level estimates from whole-farm data sets already available.Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,
A Differentiable Homotopy to Compute Nash Equilibria of n-Person Games
The literature on the computation of Nash equilibria in n-person games is dominated by simplicial methods. This paper is the first to introduce a globally convergent algorithm that fully exploits the differentiability present in the problem. It presents an everywhere differentiable homotopy to do the computations. The homotopy path can therefore be followed by several numerical techniques. Moreover, instead of computing some Nash equilibrium, the algorithm is constructed in such a way that it computes the Nash equilibrium selected by the tracing procedure of Harsanyi and Selten. As a by-product of our proofs it follows that for a generic game the tracing procedure defines an unique feasible path. The numerical performance of the algorithm is illustrated by means of several examples.microeconomics ;
Tactile spatial attention enhances gamma-band activity in somatosensory cortex and reduces low-frequency activity in parieto-occipital areas.
We investigated the effects of spatial-selective attention on oscillatory neuronal dynamics in a tactile delayed-match-to-sample task.
Whole-head magnetoencephalography was recorded in healthy subjects while dot patterns were presented to their index fingers using Braille stimulators. The subjects’ task was to report the reoccurrence of an initially presented sample pattern in a series of up to eight test stimuli that were presented unpredictably to their right or left index finger. Attention was cued to one side (finger) at the beginning of each trial, and subjects performed the task at the attended side, ignoring the unattended side.
After stimulation, high-frequency gamma-band activity (60 –95 Hz) in presumed primary somatosensory cortex (S1) was enhanced, whereas alpha- and beta-band activity were suppressed in somatosensory and occipital areas and then rebounded. Interestingly, despite the absence of any visual stimulation, we also found time-locked activation of medial occipital, presumably visual, cortex. Most relevant,
spatial tactile attention enhanced stimulus-induced gamma-band activity in brain regions consistent with contralateral S1 and deepened and prolonged the stimulus induced suppression of beta- and alpha-band activity, maximal in parieto-occipital cortex. Additionally, the
beta rebound over contralateral sensorimotor areas was suppressed.
Wehypothesize that spatial-selective attention enhances the saliency of sensory representations by synchronizing neuronal responses in early somatosensory cortex and thereby enhancing their impact on downstream areas and facilitating interareal processing. Furthermore, processing of tactile patterns also seems to recruit visual cortex and this even more so for attended compared with unattended
stimuli
Dynamics of self-organized driven particles with competing range interaction
Non-equilibrium self-organized patterns formed by particles interacting
through competing range interaction are driven over a substrate by an external
force. We show that, with increasing driving force, the pre-existed static
patterns evolve into dynamic patterns either via disordered phase or depinned
patterns, or via the formation of non-equilibrium stripes. Strikingly, the
stripes are formed either in the direction of the driving force or in the
transverse direction, depending on the pinning strength. The revealed dynamical
patterns are summarized in a dynamical phase diagram.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figure
Fluxonic Cellular Automata
We formulate a new concept for computing with quantum cellular automata
composed of arrays of nanostructured superconducting devices. The logic states
are defined by the position of two trapped flux quanta (vortices) in a 2x2
blind-hole-matrix etched on a mesoscopic superconducting square. Such small
computational unit-cells are well within reach of current fabrication
technology. In an array of unit-cells, the vortex configuration of one cell
influences the penetrating flux lines in the neighboring cell through the
screening currents. Alternatively, in conjoined cells, the information transfer
can be strengthened by the interactions between the supercurrents in adjacent
cells. Here we present the functioning logic gates based on this fluxonic
cellular automata (FCA), where the logic operations are verified through
theoretical simulations performed in the framework of the time-dependent
Ginzburg-Landau theory. The input signals are defined by current loops placed
on top of the two diagonal blind holes of the input cell. For given
current-polarization, external flux lines are attracted or repelled by the
loops, forming the '0' or '1' configuration. The read-out technology may be
chosen from a large variety of modern vortex imaging methods, transport and
LDOS measurements.Comment: Featured on the cover page of APL, November 2007 issu
Standardization and application of microsatellite markers for variety identification in tomato and wheat
The present study is part of a EU project that aims to demonstrate the technical viability of STMS markers for variety identification. As examples two important European crop species, tomato and wheat were chosen. Initially, about 30-40 STMS markers were used to identify a set of 20 good markers per crop and to standardise the methodology and the interpretation of the results in different laboratories. Several systems were used for the detection of STMS polymorphisms. The selected STMS markers are being tested on 500 varieties of each species and databases are being constructed. The first comparisons of data generated by the different laboratories revealed a high degree of agreement. The causes of discrepancies between duplicate samples analysed in different laboratories and precautions to prevent them, are discussed
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