Application of Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopic Biopsy Combined with Massage Staining in Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Pulmonary Lesion

Background and objective Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) has become the latest minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic technique due to its characteristics, e.g., non-invasion, accuracy, real-time positioning. In this study, we investigated the application of ENB biopsy combined with Massage staining in the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). Methods The clinical data of 15 PPL patients undergoing ENB biopsy plus Massage staining between August 2017 and January 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, there were 12 male and 3 female, and the mean age was (51.3±2.1) years old. Results The diameter of PPLs ranged from 6 mm to 36 mm (mean: 14.0 mm). The successful biopsy rate was 66.7%. All patients successfully underwent Massage staining. The distance between the centers of staining and lesion was (1.0±0.4) cm, and the diameter of staining was (2.8±0.6) cm. The mean operation time was (26.7±5.3 ) min, and the mean blood loss during surgery was (3.3±1.5) mL. There was no pneumothorax, hemothorax and pulmonary vascular injury during the procedure. Conclusion The ENB biopsy plus Massage staining technique caused very few complications, and provided high precision, which warrants further application

Effect of A High Intensive Preoperative Rehabilitation on the Perioperative Complications in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Eligible for Lung Cancer Surgery

Background and objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will reduce the cardiopulmonary function and increase perioperative risk. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of preoperative short-term high intensity lung rehabilitation training on lung function and postoperative complications in patients with COPD who are eligible for lung cancer surgery. Methods We analysis of 101 patients with COPD and a diagnosis of lung cancer, with 43 patients in pulmonary rehabilitation group and 58 patients in conventional group. The pulmonary function, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and length of stay (LOS) will be compared between the two groups, the lung function will be compared before and after the rehabilitation at the same time. Results There were no significant difference between the two groups in general information, lung function before surgery, postoperative pulmonary infection [8 (18.6%) vs 17 (29.3%)], atelectasis [1 (2.3%) vs 1 (1.7%)], respiratory failure [1 (2.3%) vs 2 (3.4%)] and postoperative LOS [(8.93±3.78) d vs (9.62±3.98) d, P>0.05]. In the rehabilitation group, the FEV1 [(2.06±0.45) L vs (2.15±0.45) L, P<0.001] and PEF [(4.32±0.90) L/s vs (5.15±1.05) L/s, P<0.001) were higher, and PCO2 [(42.42±2.79) mmHg vs (41.58±2.98) mmHg, P=0.009] was lower after rehabilitation, significantly. The increase value of FEV1 in moderate to severe COPD group was higher than that of the mild COPD group after the rehabilitation [(0.16±0.05) L, 8.6% vs (0.06±0.05) L, 2.8%, P<0.001). Conclusion The short-term highly-intensity lung rehabilitation can improve lung function in lung cancer patients with COPD, and the improvement of pulmonary function in moderate to severe COPD patients is more obviously

Effects of evodiamine (EVO) on the protein expression of Cyt C, caspase-12, -8, -9 and -3, Fas and Trail in the H446 and H1688 SCLC cells.

<p>Cell lysates were analyzed by Western blot. Each experiment was repeated 3 times. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Untreated H446 or H1688 cells were used as a negative control group. *<i>P</i><0.05 as compared to corresponding control group. Fas: factor associated suicide; Trail: tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand; Cyt C: cytochrome C.</p

Evodiamine (EVO) induces apoptosis through two intrinsic caspase-dependent pathways, but not through an extrinsic caspase-dependent pathway.

<p>Evodiamine (EVO) induces apoptosis through two intrinsic caspase-dependent pathways, but not through an extrinsic caspase-dependent pathway.</p

Effects of evodiamine (EVO) on the activities of caspase-8 (A), -9 (B) and -3 (C) in H446 cells.

<p>Cell lysates were analyzed by a colorimetric assay of Ac-DEVD-pNA. Each experiment was repeated 3 times. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Caspase activities were given as arbitrary units (AU) per milligram of protein. Untreated H446 cells were used as a negative control group. *<i>P</i><0.05 as compared to the corresponding control group. ^#<i>P</i><0.05 as compared to corresponding EVO treated group at 24 h. <i>P</i><0.05 as compared to corresponding EVO treated group at 48 h.</p

Effects of evodiamine (EVO) on the mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in H446 and H1688 cells.

<p>Cell lysates were analyzed by RT-PCR. Each experiment was repeated 3 times. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Untreated H446 or H1688 cells were used as a negative control group. *<i>P</i><0.05 as compared to the control group. ^#<i>P</i><0.05 as compared to corresponding EVO treated group at 24 h. <i>P</i><0.05 as compared to corresponding EVO treated group at 48 h.</p

Effects of evodiamine (EVO) on the levels of ROS, Ca²⁺ and ψ_m in H446 and H1688 SCLC cells.

<p>ROS, Ca²⁺ and ψ_m were separately detected by DCF-DA, Fluo-3/AM and JC-1 assays. Each experiment was repeated 3 times. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Untreated H446 or H1688 cells were used as a negative control group. *<i>P</i><0.05 as compared to corresponding control group.</p

Nanosomal Microassemblies for Highly Efficient and Safe Delivery of Therapeutic Enzymes

Enzyme therapy has unique advantages over traditional chemotherapies for the treatment of hyperuricemia, but overcoming the delivery obstacles of therapeutic enzymes is still a significant challenge. Here, we report a novel and superior system to effectively and safely deliver therapeutic enzymes. Nanosomal microassemblies loaded with uricase (NSU-MAs) are assembled with many individual nanosomes. Each nanosome contains uricase within the alkaline environment, which is beneficial for its catalytic reactions and keeps the uricase separate from the bloodstream to retain its high activity. Compared to free uricase, NSU-MAs exhibited much higher catalytic activity under physiological conditions and when subjected to different temperatures, pH values and trypsin. NSU-MAs displayed increased circulation time, improved bioavailability, and enhanced uric acid-lowering efficacy, while decreasing the immunogenicity. We also described the possible favorable conformational changes occurring in NSU-MAs that result in favorable outcomes. Thus, nanosomal microassemblies could serve as a valuable tool in constructing delivery systems for therapeutic enzymes that treat various diseases