4 research outputs found
Table1_Efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants ≤ 34 weeks: a systematic review and meta—analysis of randomized controlled trials.docx
Background: The effect of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in neonates >34 weeks on improving respiration is well documented. However, the efficacy of iNO in preterm infants ≤34 weeks remains controversial.Objectives: The main purpose of this review is to assess the effectiveness and safety of iNO treatment in preterm infants ≤34 weeks.Search methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Libraries from their inception to 1 June 2023. We also reviewed the reference lists of retrieved studies.Selection criteria: Our study involved randomized controlled trials on preterm infants ≤34 weeks, especially those receiving iNO treatment, and mainly assessed outcomes such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and mortality. Two authors independently reviewed these trials, extracted data, and evaluated study biases. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. We used the GRADE method to assess evidence quality.Results: Our research included a total of 17 studies involving 4,080 neonates and 7 follow-up studies. The synthesis of results showed that in neonates, iNO treatment reduced the incidence of BPD (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86–0.98). It also decreased the composite outcome of death or BPD (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90–0.98), without increasing the risk of short-term (such as intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia) and long-term neurological outcomes (including Bayley mental developmental index Conclusion: Inhaled NO reduced the incidence of BPD in neonates at 36 weeks of gestation, and the effect of the treatment depended on neonatal age, birth weight, duration and dose of iNO. Therefore, iNO can be considered a promising treatment for the potential prevention of BPD in premature infants. More data, however, would be needed to support nitric oxide registration in this specific patient population, to minimize its off-label use.</p
Effects of Heating Rate on the Nucleation, Growth, and Transformation of InOOH and In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> via Solvothermal Reactions
A solvothermal
reaction is generally considered to be governed
by the chemical and thermodynamic parameters. Yet, the effects of
heating rate on the nucleation and growth of the target materials
within solvothermal processes have been rarely reported. In this work,
taking the solvothermally synthesized InOOH/In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as the sample system we intend to illustrate that the heating rate
plays an important role in the nucleation, growth, and transformation
in solvothermal reactions. It is shown that with the heating rate
changing from 4 to 8 °C/min, the initial nucleation temperature
for ultrathin InOOH nanowires drops greatly from 160 to 120 °C.
At a heating rate of 4 °C/min, the transformation from InOOH
nanowires to In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocubes in the one-step
solvothermal system begins at 170 °C and completes at 210 °C.
While at a heating rate of 8 °C/min, the transformation begins
at 130 °C and completes at 180 °C. It is also found that
heating rate may trigger different growth mechanisms in the solvothermal
system and subsequently influence the microstructure of the products.
Thus, it is anticipated that controlling the heating rate may be a
potential route to tailor the morphology, microstructure, and even
the properties of materials via solvothermal processes
High Pressure Raman Scattering and Synchrotron X‑ray Diffraction Studies of Benzyl Azide
Benzyl azide was investigated by
high-pressure Raman scattering
spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction technologies. A complete vibrational
analysis of benzyl azide was performed by combining the experimental
measurements and theoretical calculations using DFT-based scaled quantum
chemical approach. The high-pressure Raman spectra and calculation
results indicate that benzyl azide underwent a conformational change
at 0.67 GPa accompanied by rotation of methylene group and azide group.
The frequency of the CH<sub>2</sub> bending mode decreases with increasing
pressure due to the increase of the C–H···π
interactions, which is similar to the role of the hydrogen bond. A
liquid to solid phase transition occurred at 2.7 GPa, which was confirmed
by the X-ray diffraction measurements. As the pressure reached 25.6
GPa, all the azide group vibrations vanished, indicating that the
decomposition pressure of the molecular azide groups in organic azides
is lower than that of the azide ions in inorganic azides
Pressure-Induced Diversity of π‑Stacking Motifs and Amorphous Polymerization in Pyrrole
The behavior of pyrrole under high pressure has been investigated
by <i>in situ</i> high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction
(XRD) and Raman scattering up to 34 GPa. A solid-to-solid transition
at about 6.2 GPa with a large collapse of volume (∼40%) from <i>Pnma</i> to <i>P</i>2<sub>1</sub>/<i>c</i> has been found after a liquid-to-solid transition at 0.6 GPa, which
is caused by the molecular rotational repacking of π-stacking.
This new phase <i>P</i>2<sub>1</sub>/<i>c</i> plays
a central role in the following pressure-induced polymerization due
to the formation of a closed dimer, a very important precursor. The
threshold of C···C distance with steric hindrance in
dimer is about 1.62 Å at ∼10.2 GPa. After this steric
hindrance is overcome, a crystal–amorphous transformation starts
at ∼14.3 GPa. When completely released from 34 GPa, the recovered
solid product with single bond is identified by <i>in situ</i> Raman measurement