Additional file 1 of Association of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines with bone metabolism: a retrospective, cross-sectional study

Additional file 1

Cadmium–Organic Coordination Polymers Based on N‑Donor Ligands and Small Anions: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Photoluminescent Properties

By using two types of arene core-based rigid N-containing ligands, we have solvothermally synthesized two cadmium metal–organic coordination polymers, {[Cd₆(dpb)₆(HCOO)₈(H₂O)₄]·4NO₃·4H₂O}_<i>n</i> (<b>1</b>) and {[Cd₄(tib)₄(H₂O)₄(NO₃)₆]·2NO₃}_<i>n</i> (<b>2</b>) (dpb = 1,4-bis-(4-pyridyl)-benzene, tib = 1,3,5-tris­(1-imidazolyl)­benzene), and characterized them. The coordinated small anions HCOO^– and NO₃^– play important roles in the formation of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>. In <b>1</b>, the coordinated formate ligand from in situ hydrolysis of DMF binds metal centers to generate a rigid 2D metal–formate honeycomb layer, which is further connected by dpb ligands to generate a 3D pillar–layer complex. Complex <b>2</b> possesses a 2-fold interpenetrating 2D framework with an extremely rare (3,4) connected topology. Photochemical properties of these new complexes have been studied

Controllable Synthesis of Tunable Microstructures of Self-Supporting Graphene Films from Opened Bubble to Cube via in Situ Template-Modulating

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructured building units have replaced layer-to-layer stacked designs in transparent graphene films to fully exploit the advantages of two-dimensional graphene. However, it is still challenging to precisely control the size and microstructures of these building blocks to develop multifunctional graphene-based materials that satisfy the performance requirements of diverse applications. In this study, we propose a controllable method to regulate the microstructures of building units to form structures ranging from opened bubbles and cubes, while the size decreased from 20 to 3 μm, via an in situ template-modulating technology. NaCl was used as either a liquid or solid template by changing the dc bias. The reduced size and dense arrangement of the building units not only provide an improved mass loading for the transparent films but also build multiple pathways for fast ion/electron transmission, enhancing their promise for various practical applications. Generally, we provide a convenient protocol for finely regulating the microstructure and size of these building units, resulting in multifunctional films with a controllable transmittance, which enables the use of these graphene-based architectures as transparent electrodes in various applications and extends the family of multifunctional materials that will present new possibilities for electronics and other devices

Cadmium–Organic Coordination Polymers Based on N‑Donor Ligands and Small Anions: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Photoluminescent Properties

By using two types of arene core-based rigid N-containing ligands, we have solvothermally synthesized two cadmium metal–organic coordination polymers, {[Cd₆(dpb)₆(HCOO)₈(H₂O)₄]·4NO₃·4H₂O}_<i>n</i> (<b>1</b>) and {[Cd₄(tib)₄(H₂O)₄(NO₃)₆]·2NO₃}_<i>n</i> (<b>2</b>) (dpb = 1,4-bis-(4-pyridyl)-benzene, tib = 1,3,5-tris­(1-imidazolyl)­benzene), and characterized them. The coordinated small anions HCOO^– and NO₃^– play important roles in the formation of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>. In <b>1</b>, the coordinated formate ligand from in situ hydrolysis of DMF binds metal centers to generate a rigid 2D metal–formate honeycomb layer, which is further connected by dpb ligands to generate a 3D pillar–layer complex. Complex <b>2</b> possesses a 2-fold interpenetrating 2D framework with an extremely rare (3,4) connected topology. Photochemical properties of these new complexes have been studied

Self-Assembly and Rheological Properties of a Pseudogemini Surfactant Formed in a Salt-Free Catanionic Surfactant Mixture in Water

The surface and bulk properties of bola-type dicarboxylic acid (sebacic acid, SA) and zwitterionic surfactant tetradecyldimethylamine oxide (C₁₄DMAO) mixtures in aqueous solutions were studied. Surface tension measurements indicate a pronounced synergistic effect between SA and C₁₄DMAO. In bulk aqueous solutions, rich phase behavior was observed with a varied SA-to-C₁₄DMAO ratio (ρ) and a total surfactant concentration. Typically at ρ = 0.5, a novel pseudogemini surfactant (C₁₄-S-C₁₄) forms, driven by electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. The C₁₄-S-C₁₄/H₂O system exhibits rich phase behavior induced by the transition of aggregates. With increasing concentration of C₁₄-S-C₁₄, one can observe a viscous L₁ phase, an L₁/L_α two-phase region where a birefringent L_α phase is on the top of an L₁ phase, a single L_α phase, and finally a mixture of an L_α phase and a precipitate. Microstructures formed in the L_α phases were determined by freeze–fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM) and cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) observations. Polymorphic aggregation behavior was observed with the formation of a variety of bilayer structures including unilamellar vesicles, onions, and open and hyperbranched bilayers. Rheological measurements showed that the L_α phases are viscoelastic and sensitive to temperature where a quick loss of viscoelasticity was observed at elevated temperature

Cadmium–Organic Coordination Polymers Based on N‑Donor Ligands and Small Anions: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Photoluminescent Properties

By using two types of arene core-based rigid N-containing ligands, we have solvothermally synthesized two cadmium metal–organic coordination polymers, {[Cd₆(dpb)₆(HCOO)₈(H₂O)₄]·4NO₃·4H₂O}_<i>n</i> (<b>1</b>) and {[Cd₄(tib)₄(H₂O)₄(NO₃)₆]·2NO₃}_<i>n</i> (<b>2</b>) (dpb = 1,4-bis-(4-pyridyl)-benzene, tib = 1,3,5-tris­(1-imidazolyl)­benzene), and characterized them. The coordinated small anions HCOO^– and NO₃^– play important roles in the formation of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>. In <b>1</b>, the coordinated formate ligand from in situ hydrolysis of DMF binds metal centers to generate a rigid 2D metal–formate honeycomb layer, which is further connected by dpb ligands to generate a 3D pillar–layer complex. Complex <b>2</b> possesses a 2-fold interpenetrating 2D framework with an extremely rare (3,4) connected topology. Photochemical properties of these new complexes have been studied

Data_Sheet_4_Optofluidic Single-Cell Genome Amplification of Sub-micron Bacteria in the Ocean Subsurface.pdf

<p>Optofluidic single-cell genome amplification was used to obtain genome sequences from sub-micron cells collected from the euphotic and mesopelagic zones of the northwestern Sargasso Sea. Plankton cells were visually selected and manually sorted with an optical trap, yielding 20 partial genome sequences representing seven bacterial phyla. Two organisms, E01-9C-26 (Gammaproteobacteria), represented by four single cell genomes, and Opi.OSU.00C, an uncharacterized Verrucomicrobia, were the first of their types retrieved by single cell genome sequencing and were studied in detail. Metagenomic data showed that E01-9C-26 is found throughout the dark ocean, while Opi.OSU.00C was observed to bloom transiently in the nutrient-depleted euphotic zone of the late spring and early summer. The E01-9C-26 genomes had an estimated size of 4.76–5.05 Mbps, and contained “O” and “W”-type monooxygenase genes related to methane and ammonium monooxygenases that were previously reported from ocean metagenomes. Metabolic reconstruction indicated E01-9C-26 are likely versatile methylotrophs capable of scavenging C1 compounds, methylated compounds, reduced sulfur compounds, and a wide range of amines, including D-amino acids. The genome sequences identified E01-9C-26 as a source of “O” and “W”-type monooxygenase genes related to methane and ammonium monooxygenases that were previously reported from ocean metagenomes, but are of unknown function. In contrast, Opi.OSU.00C genomes encode genes for catabolizing carbohydrate compounds normally associated with eukaryotic phytoplankton. This exploration of optofluidics showed that it was effective for retrieving diverse single-cell bacterioplankton genomes and has potential advantages in microbiology applications that require working with small sample volumes or targeting cells by their morphology.</p

Video_1_Optofluidic Single-Cell Genome Amplification of Sub-micron Bacteria in the Ocean Subsurface.avi

<p>Optofluidic single-cell genome amplification was used to obtain genome sequences from sub-micron cells collected from the euphotic and mesopelagic zones of the northwestern Sargasso Sea. Plankton cells were visually selected and manually sorted with an optical trap, yielding 20 partial genome sequences representing seven bacterial phyla. Two organisms, E01-9C-26 (Gammaproteobacteria), represented by four single cell genomes, and Opi.OSU.00C, an uncharacterized Verrucomicrobia, were the first of their types retrieved by single cell genome sequencing and were studied in detail. Metagenomic data showed that E01-9C-26 is found throughout the dark ocean, while Opi.OSU.00C was observed to bloom transiently in the nutrient-depleted euphotic zone of the late spring and early summer. The E01-9C-26 genomes had an estimated size of 4.76–5.05 Mbps, and contained “O” and “W”-type monooxygenase genes related to methane and ammonium monooxygenases that were previously reported from ocean metagenomes. Metabolic reconstruction indicated E01-9C-26 are likely versatile methylotrophs capable of scavenging C1 compounds, methylated compounds, reduced sulfur compounds, and a wide range of amines, including D-amino acids. The genome sequences identified E01-9C-26 as a source of “O” and “W”-type monooxygenase genes related to methane and ammonium monooxygenases that were previously reported from ocean metagenomes, but are of unknown function. In contrast, Opi.OSU.00C genomes encode genes for catabolizing carbohydrate compounds normally associated with eukaryotic phytoplankton. This exploration of optofluidics showed that it was effective for retrieving diverse single-cell bacterioplankton genomes and has potential advantages in microbiology applications that require working with small sample volumes or targeting cells by their morphology.</p

Global negative effects of drought on instream invertebrate communities

Global climate change has led to more frequent and severe droughts, which can negatively affect instream invertebrate communities, but we lack a perspective on the global patterns and drivers of such drought effects. Here, using meta-analysis, we synthesized 997 paired observations extracted from 94 peer-reviewed publications to assess how drought affects the biomass, density, taxonomic richness, and diversity (Shannon–Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou indices) of instream invertebrates at a global scale. We found that (i) drought significantly decreased instream invertebrate density and taxonomic richness by an average of 4.9 and 5.0%, respectively, had marginal negative effects on Shannon–Wiener index, but did not affect biomass, Simpson index or Pielou index; (ii) the effects of drought on instream invertebrate biomass, density, and diversity were not affected by taxonomic level, indicating the robustness of our results; and (iii) stream water physiochemical characteristics such as water flow velocity, pH, conductivity, discharge, total nitrogen concentration, and chlorophyll-a concentration were important moderator variables of drought effects on instream invertebrate communities. Overall, our results clearly showed the global patterns and driving factors of drought effects on instream invertebrate biomass, density, richness, and diversity, which helps scientists better understand the responses of instream invertebrate communities under ongoing global climate change.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Optofluidic Single-Cell Genome Amplification of Sub-micron Bacteria in the Ocean Subsurface.DOCX

<p>Optofluidic single-cell genome amplification was used to obtain genome sequences from sub-micron cells collected from the euphotic and mesopelagic zones of the northwestern Sargasso Sea. Plankton cells were visually selected and manually sorted with an optical trap, yielding 20 partial genome sequences representing seven bacterial phyla. Two organisms, E01-9C-26 (Gammaproteobacteria), represented by four single cell genomes, and Opi.OSU.00C, an uncharacterized Verrucomicrobia, were the first of their types retrieved by single cell genome sequencing and were studied in detail. Metagenomic data showed that E01-9C-26 is found throughout the dark ocean, while Opi.OSU.00C was observed to bloom transiently in the nutrient-depleted euphotic zone of the late spring and early summer. The E01-9C-26 genomes had an estimated size of 4.76–5.05 Mbps, and contained “O” and “W”-type monooxygenase genes related to methane and ammonium monooxygenases that were previously reported from ocean metagenomes. Metabolic reconstruction indicated E01-9C-26 are likely versatile methylotrophs capable of scavenging C1 compounds, methylated compounds, reduced sulfur compounds, and a wide range of amines, including D-amino acids. The genome sequences identified E01-9C-26 as a source of “O” and “W”-type monooxygenase genes related to methane and ammonium monooxygenases that were previously reported from ocean metagenomes, but are of unknown function. In contrast, Opi.OSU.00C genomes encode genes for catabolizing carbohydrate compounds normally associated with eukaryotic phytoplankton. This exploration of optofluidics showed that it was effective for retrieving diverse single-cell bacterioplankton genomes and has potential advantages in microbiology applications that require working with small sample volumes or targeting cells by their morphology.</p