Elucidating the role of CO2 in the soft oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over ceria-based catalysts

A mixed oxide support containing Ce, Zr, and Al was synthesized using a physical grinding method and applied in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane using CO 2 as the oxidant. The activity of the support was compared with that of fully formulated catalysts containing palladium. The Pd/CeZrAlO x material exhibited long-term stability and selectivity to propene (during continuous operation for 140 h), which is not normally associated with dehydrogenation catalysts. From temperature-programmed desorption of NH 3 and CO 2 it was found that the catalyst possessed both acidic and basic sites. In addition, temperature-programmed reduction showed that palladium promoted both the reduction and reoxidation of the support. When the role of CO 2 was investigated in the absence of gas-phase oxidant, using a temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactor, it was found that CO 2 dissociates over the reduced catalyst, leading to formation of CO and selective oxygen species. It is proposed that CO 2 has the dual role of regenerating selective oxygen species and shifting the equilibrium for alkane dehydrogenation by consuming H 2 through the reverse water-gas-shift reaction. These two mechanistic functions have previously been considered to be mutually exclusive

Dimethyl Sulfoxide Provides Three Different Units in Synthesis of Chroman-4-ones Containing Sulfur and a Quaternary Carbon Center under HOAc Conditions

HOAc-promoted construction of chroman-4-ones with a sulfur atom and an α-carbonyl quaternary carbon center directly from ortho-hydroxyacetophenones and DMSO is described. In these unique reactions, DMSO is activated by HOAc and provides three different units (CH2, CH2OH, and CH2SMe) in the target molecules. This reaction displays good substrate scope and reaction yields with a series of substitutes. The mechanism showed that the three units were formed in sequential order

Asymmetric Total Synthesis and Absolute Configuration Determination of (−)-Verrupyrroloindoline

The first asymmetric total synthesis of (−)-verrupyrroloindoline (20% overall yield in 6 steps) is described. The short approach was enabled by Buchwald’s Cu­(II)-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate reduction, DMDO-triggered one-pot four-step tandem reaction, and the first amide-selective Ir-catalyzed direct reduction of β-carboethoxy tertiary lactam. Along with the total synthesis, the absolute configuration of natural verrupyrroloindoline was determined as 7<i>R</i>,10<i>R</i>,11<i>R</i>

Additional file 3: of JNK-mediated microglial DICER degradation potentiates inflammatory responses to induce dopaminergic neuron loss

Related to Fig. 3 (a–c) Representative immunoblots of total lysates of BV2 cells treated with U0126 (a), SP (b), and SB (c) with indicated antibodies. α-tubulin (α-Tub), a loading control. kDa, kilodalton. (PNG 54 kb

Copper-Mediated, Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of 3‑Iodochromones, Thiochromones, and Quinolones with Ethyl Bromodifluoroacetate

The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 3-iodochromones, thiochromones, and quinolones with ethyl bromodi­fluoro­acetate in the presence of a copper mediator is reported. Under optimized conditions, all reactions worked well and provided difluoro-containing products in moderate to excellent yields

Additional file 2: of JNK-mediated microglial DICER degradation potentiates inflammatory responses to induce dopaminergic neuron loss

Related to Fig. 2 (a) Representative immunoblots of total lysates of BV2 cells treated with 100 μM MPP+ for the indicated times with the antibody against α-spectrin. (b) Representative immunoblots of total lysates of primary cultured neurons treated with 50 μM glutamate (Glu) or/and calpeptin (CAL) or MDL28170 (MDL) for 4 h with the antibody against α-spectrin. (c) Representative immunoblots of total lysates of BV2 cells treated with MPP+ for the indicated times with the antibody against caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3. (d) Statistics of DICER in Fig. 2e. (e) Upper, representative immunoblots of total lysates from BV2 cells treated with 100 μM MPP+ with/without LAC (1 μM) (e) or MG115 (1 μM) (f) for 12 h and detected with the indicated antibodies. Lower: statistics. (g) Representative immunoblots of immunoprecipitates for total lysates of BV2 cells treated with MG115 with or without MPP+ and then probed with anti-ubiquitin antibody. Data are shown as mean + SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. α-tubulin (α-Tub), a loading control. kDa, kilodalton. (PNG 512 kb

Additional file 4: of JNK-mediated microglial DICER degradation potentiates inflammatory responses to induce dopaminergic neuron loss

Related to Fig. 4 (a) Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of the DICER immunoprecipitated from BV2 cells treated with MPP+ for 30 min. The phosphorylated serine residue as revealed by MS is shown in lowercase bold letter. (b) Table representing a list of JNK phosphorylation sites of DICER predict by GPS3.0. (c) MS analysis of the DICER immunoprecipitated from microglia pre-incubated with or without SP for 2 h and then with MPP+ for 30 min. The phosphorylated serine residue as revealed by MS is shown in lowercase bold letter. (PNG 289 kb

DataSheet1_Shared genetic mechanism between type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 using pathway-based association analysis.xlsx

Recent studies have shown that, compared with healthy individuals, patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) suffer a higher severity and mortality of COVID-19. When infected with this retrovirus, patients with T2D are more likely to face severe complications from cytokine storms and be admitted to high-dependency or intensive care units. Some COVID-19 patients are known to suffer from various forms of acute respiratory distress syndrome and have a higher mortality risk due to extreme activation of inflammatory cascades. Using a conditional false discovery rate statistical framework, an independent genome-wide association study data on individuals presenting with T2D (N = 62,892) and COVID-19 (N = 38,984) were analysed. Genome-wide association study data from 2,343,084 participants were analysed and a significant positive genetic correlation between T2D and COVID-19 was observed (T2D: r for genetic = 0.1511, p-value = 0.01). Overall, 2 SNPs (rs505922 and rs3924604) shared in common between T2D and COVID-19 were identified. Functional analyses indicated that the overlapping loci annotated into the ABO and NUS1 genes might be implicated in several key metabolic pathways. A pathway association analysis identified two common pathways within T2D and COVID-19 pathogenesis, including chemokines and their respective receptors. The gene identified from the pathway analysis (CCR2) was also found to be highly expressed in blood tissue via the GTEx database. To conclude, this study reveals that certain chemokines and their receptors, which are directly involved in the genesis of cytokine storms, may lead to exacerbated hyperinflammation in T2D patients infected by COVID-19.</p

Categorization of unigenes into KEGG biochemical pathways.

<p>A total of 13,663 unigenes were assigned to 241 KEGG pathways belonging to six categories. (A) The percentage of the pathway amount in each category is shown. (B) The ten largest groups with KEGG database annotation. The x-axis indicates the number of annotated unigenes.</p

Alignment of plancitoxin-1-like proteins.

<p>The aligned sequences are as follows: <i>Acanthaster planci</i> plancitoxin 1 (BAD12432), <i>Saccoglossus kowalevskii</i> plancitoxin 1-like (XP_006823536), <i>T</i>. <i>spiralis</i> plancitoxin1-like protein (AHM10158) and <i>Hydra vulgaris</i> plancitoxin 1-like (XP_004209299). Black and gray indicate amino acids that are identical or highly conserved, respectively, across all aligned sequences.</p