Data_Sheet_1_Association between omega-3/6 fatty acids and cholelithiasis: A mendelian randomization study.docx

BackgroundOmega-3 and omega-6 may be protective factors for cholelithiasis. However, this relationship has not yet been demonstrated clearly. Therefore, we attempted to identify these causal relationships.Materials and methodsThe omega-3/6 fatty acid discovery dataset was obtained from UK Biobank and contained 114,999 individuals. The validation set was derived from an independent genome-wide association study (GWAS) and contained 13,544 individuals. The cholelithiasis dataset was derived from FinnGen and contained 19,023 cases and 195,144 controls. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used as the main method of analysis in this study. Multiple methods of analysis were also used in the repeated methods, including the MR-Egger, weighted median, MR-pleiotropic residual sum (MR-PRESSO), outliers, and maximum likelihood methods. In addition, we used multiple sensitivity analyses to identify the potential pleiotropy.ResultIn the discovery stage, the results of the random effect IVW analysis showed that higher omega-3 levels were correlated inversely with the risk of cholelithiasis (β = –0.22, 95% CI [–0.32 to –0.12], P = 1.49 × 10–5). When the replication analysis was performed using another set of instrumental variables (IVs), the causal relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and cholelithiasis remained stable (β = –0.42, 95% CI [–0.66 to –0.18], P = 5.49 × 10–4), except for the results obtained using the MR-Egger method, which were not significant. The results of the IVW approach showed that each SD increase in omega-6 levels was associated negatively with the risk of cholelithiasis, both in the discovery (β = –0.21, 95% CI [–0.35 to –0.06], P = 4.37 × 10–3) and the validation phases (β = –0.21, 95% CI [–0.40 to –0.02], P = 3.44 × 10–2).ConclusionThe results of our MR study suggest that omega-3/6 is associated with cholelithiasis risk. Attention to the risk of cholelithiasis in individuals with low serum omega-3/6 levels is necessary.</p

Aluminated Derivatives of Porous Magadiite Heterostructures for Acid-Catalyzed <i>tert</i>-Butylation of Catechol

Novel porous magadiite/Al-magadiite heterostructures (PMH/PAMH) and aluminated derivatives of PMH (<i>x</i>Al-PMH, <i>x</i> = Al/Si in feeding) were fabricated upon two-dimensional interlayer cosurfactant-directing TEOS hydrolysis–condensation–polymerization from synthetic Na-magadiite/Na-[Al]­magadiite and postgrafting of Al into the interlayer silica framework of PMH from NaAlO₂ precursor, respectively. Characterization studies indicate that PMH and PAMH possess high surface area (SA), high thermal stability, and unique supermicro–mesoporous structure upon effective assembly of interlayer mesostructured silica and clay layers but weak Lewis acidity. The <i>x</i>Al-PMH (<i>x</i> = 0.2, 0.4) samples show successful incorporation of Al into interlayer mesostructure of PMH mainly in tetra-coordinated form, leading to greatly increased Lewis acidity and newly created Brønsted acidity together with well-kept layered supermicro-mesoporous porosity and reduced SA (>280 m²/g) while 0.6Al-PMH shows collapsed layers. 0.4Al-PMH exhibits the highest liquid-phase Friedel–Crafts <i>tert</i>-butylation activity of catechol with 93.4% conversion and 80.4% 4-<i>tert</i>-butylcatechol selectivity due to the strongest synergy between the surface acidity and supermicro–mesostructure

Macrophages and neutrophils migrated to the injured area were count.

<p><b>A-F, images show the macrophages and neutrophils migrated to the yolk microinjected by LPS at 6 hpi. G, neutrophils count in yolk at 6 hpi (n = 20). H and I, microinjection site were marked by * and cell count area were marked by red circle. J-O, images show the macrophages and neutrophils migrated to the somite muscle microinjected by LPS at 6 hpi. P, macrophages and neutrophils count in somite muscle at 6 hpi (n = 11).</b> Data were shown as mean ± S.E. For G and P, * indicates p<0.05, ** is p<0.01, *** is p<0.001.</p

Visualization 1: High-spatial-resolution localization algorithm based on cascade deconvolution in a distributed Sagnac interferometer invasion monitoring system

Video waveform 1. Originally published in Applied Optics on 10 October 2016 (ao-55-29-8180

The effect of CN extract on mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β.

<p>Data were shown as mean ± S.E. (n = 3). * indicates p<0.05, ** is p<0.01, *** is p<0.001.</p

Inhibitory effect of CN leaf extracts on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in zebrafish (A) or RAW 264.7 macrophages (B, C, D).

<p>Data were shown as mean ± S.E. (n = 3). * indicates p<0.05, ** is p<0.01, *** is p<0.001.</p

Anti-inflammatory properties of extracts from <i>Chimonanthus nitens</i> Oliv. leaf - Fig 1

<p>A. DAD chromatogram at 360 nm of <i>Chimonanthus nitens</i> Oliv. leaves extracts; B. Total ion chromatogram (TIC) of CN extracts in negative ion mode.</p

The effect of CN extract on cell viability.

<p>Data were shown as mean ± S.E. (n = 3). * indicates p<0.05, ** is p<0.01, *** is p<0.001.</p

Identification of compounds in <i>Chimonanthus nitens</i> leaves Oliv. by UPLC -QTOF-MS/MS.

<p>Identification of compounds in <i>Chimonanthus nitens</i> leaves Oliv. by UPLC -QTOF-MS/MS.</p

The total flavonoid contents (TFC) and individual compound contents of <i>Chimonanthus nitens</i> Oliv. leaves.

<p>The total flavonoid contents (TFC) and individual compound contents of <i>Chimonanthus nitens</i> Oliv. leaves.</p