Faktor Langsung dan Tidak Langsung yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Wasting pada Anak Umur 6 – 59 Bulan di Indonesia Tahun 2010

Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar menunjukkan prevalensi wasting pada anak di bawah umur lima tahun (Balita) tidak mengalami penurunan yang berarti, yaitu dari 13,6 persen pada tahun 2007 menjadi 13,3 persen pada tahun 2010. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor langsung dan tidak langsung yang berhubungan dengan kejadian wasting pada anak umur 6 – 59 bulan di Indonesia tahun 2010. Desain penelitian ialah kroseksional dengan sampel sebanyak 9897 anak Balita responden Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2010. Variabel dependen pada penelitian ini ialah status wasting anak dan variabel independennya ialah variabel faktor langsung (asupan energi, karbohidrat, lemak, protein, pola menyusui, dan penyakit malaria), faktor tidak langsung dan karakteristik anak (pendidikan bapak, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan bapak, pekerjaan ibu, persentase pengeluaran pangan terhadap pengeluaran total, status imunisasi, kondisi rumah, umur dan jenis kelamin). Odds Ratio dan 95% Confident Interval dihitung dengan menggunakan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor langsung dominan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian wasting pada kelompok anak umur 24 – 59 bulan ialah asupan karbohidrat dengan OR (95% CI): 1,29 (1,14 – 1,47). Faktor tidak langsung yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian wasting pada kelompok anak umur 6 – 59 bulan ialah persentase pengeluaran pangan yang tinggi (≥ 70%) dengan OR (95% CI) sebesar: 1,32 (1,11 – 1,56) setelah dikontrol variabel umur dan pekerjaan ayah. Kata kunci : wasting, Balita, faktor langsung, faktor tidak langsung Abstract Baseline Health Research showed that the prevalence of wasting among under five children in Indonesia has not significantly decline, from 13,6 percent in 2006 to 13,3 percent in 2010. The objective of this study was to determine the predictors of wasting among children age 6 – 59 months in Indonesia, 2010. This study was a cross sectional study with 9897 children age 6 – 59 months as samples taken from Baseline Health Research 2010 data. The dependent variable in this study was wasting status. The independent variable were direct factors (intake of energy, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, breastfeeding pattern, and malaria), indirect factors and child characteristics (mother's education and occupation, father's education and occupation, the percentage of food expenditure, immunization status, number of under five children in family, type of living places, house condition, child's age, and sex). Odds Ratio and 95% Confident Intervals were calculated by logistic regression. Analysis showed that the insufficient intake of carbohydrate was the most related factor to wasting in children aged 24 – 59 months with OR (95%CI): 1,29 (1,14 – 1,47). The most related indirect factor to wasting in children aged 6 – 59 months was the percentage of food expenditure by total expenditure ≥70% with OR(95%CI): 1,32(1,11 – 1,56) adjusted by child's age and father's education. Keywords: wasting, under five children, direct factors, indirect factor

Aplikasi Regresi Linier Dalam Metoda Decline Curve Untuk Memprediksi Potensi Minyak Lapangan Sriwijaya Lapisan X Pt.pertamina Aset 1 Field Jambi

Metode kurva penurunan produksi (decline curve) digunakan untuk menentukan cadangan hidrokarbon suatu reservoir (lapangan). Metode ini menggunakan analisa regresi linier untuk menentukan persamaan/fungsi dari masing-masing decline curve yang diperoleh dari data laju produksi, waktu produksi, dan kumulatif produksi. Persamaan yang digunakan untuk menghitung total cadangan (ultimate recovery), umur produksi (life time production), dan sisa cadangan (remaining reserves) adalah persamaan yang memenuhi kriteria uji statistik dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) yang paling besar dan nilai standar deviasi (SD) yang paling kecil. Hasil yang diperoleh dari hasil uji statistic adalah jenis kombinasi antara exponential decline curve dan harmonic decline curve untuk Blok IA, Blok IB, Blok II, dan Blok III. Hasil perhitungan didapatkan ultimate recovery untuk Blok IA sebesar 1.588.931 bbl, Blok IB sebesar 291.910 bbl, Blok II sebesar 179.040 bbl, dan Blok III sebesar 95.149 bbl; remaining reserves untuk Blok IA sebesar 713.342,6 bbl, Blok IB sebesar 134.521 bbl, Blok II sebesar 54.131 bbl, dan Blok III sebesar 56.149 bbl; dan umur produksi untuk Blok IA sebesar 107 bulan atau 8,9 tahun, Blok IB sebesar 95 bulan atau 7,9 tahun, Blok II sebesar 71,5 bulan atau 6 tahun dan Blok III sebesar 31,6 bulan atau 2,6 tahun

Model Prediksi Kebutuhan Darah untuk Penderita Talasemia Mayor

Pada dua tahun pertama kehidupan penderita talasemia mayor, umumnya menderita anemia dan membutuhkan tranfusi darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat model prediksi kebutuhan darah bagi penderita talasemia mayor. Penelitian observasional dengan desain studi pendekatan potong lintang ini dilakukan pada sampel 79 penderita talasemia mayor yang melakukan transfusi rutin minimal satu bulan satu kali di Rumah Sakit Umum Banyumas, selama tahun 2012. Analisis regresi linier ganda digunakan untuk membuat model prediksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 80,7% kebutuhan darah penderia talasemia mayor dijelaskan oleh variabel usia, berat badan, dan kadar hemoglobin sedangkan 19,3% dijelaskan oleh sebab-sebab yang lain. Rumus prediksi menyatakan setiap kenaikan usia 1 tahun maka kebutuhan darah akan bertambah sebanyak 0,816 mililiter dan setiap kenaikan 1 kilogram berat badan maka kebutuhan darah akan bertambah 13,4 mililiter serta apabila kadar hemoglobin mengalami penurunan 1 g/dL maka kebutuhan darah akan bertambah sebesar 81 mililiter.Patients with thalassemia major usually present within the first two years of life with severe anemia, need red blood cell transfusion. The objective of this study was to create a prediction model of blood transfusion need for patients with thalassemia mayor. This type of research was observational with cross sectional design. Samples are 79 patients with thalassemia major who perform routine transfusion at least once in a month at Banyumas hospital in 2012. Multiple linier regression analysis was used to create the model. The results showed that 80.7% blood requirements can be explained by variables of weight, haemoglobin level and age, while 19.3% is explained by other causes. Prediction formula states every increment of one year in age, the need for blood will increase by 0.816 millilitres and every increment of one kilogram of body weight, the need for blood will increase 13.4 millilitres, and when the haemoglobin level decreased 1 gr/dL the need for blood will increase by 81 millilitres

Hubungan Kesinambungan Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Maternal Dengan Pemberian Imunisasi Lengkap Di Indonesia

Background: Morbidity and mortality due to infections in children can be reduced by immunization program. Some studies indicate that sustainability utilization of maternal health care will improvematernal health and the quality of child care including immunization.Objective: The aim of the analysis is to determine the relationship between sustainability utilization ofmaternal health services with complete immunization of children aged 12-23 months in Indonesia.Methods: Secondary data analysis of Baseline Health Research 2013. The samples in this analysis werechildren aged 12 – 23 months of mothers aged 10 – 54 years who has history of immunization recorded onKMS / KIA / infant health records. The main independent variable was the sustainability utilization ofmaternal health services. The dependent variable is the immunization status. Odds ratios and 95%Confidence were calculated by logistic regression.Result: Pregnant women who were not sustainably utilize maternal health services were 1.58 times morelikely to not provide complete immunization to their children compare to women who continuously utilizedmaternal health services adjusted by economic status and number of children in family.Conclusion: The sustainability utilization of maternal health care significantly related with completeimmunization of children aged 12 – 23 months in Indonesia. Latar Belakang: Upaya untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian karena infeksi pada anak dapatdilakukan dengan program imunisasi. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa kesinambungan pemanfaatanpelayanan kesehatan maternal akan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan ibu serta kualitas perawatan anaktermasuk didalamnya imunisasi.Tujuan: Analisis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kesinambungan pemanfaatan pelayanankesehatan maternal dengan pemberian imunisasi lengkap anak umur 12 – 23 bulan di Indonesia.Metodologi: Data yang digunakan di dalam analisis ini ialah data Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2013.Sampel di dalam analisis ini ialah anak umur 12 – 23 bulan dari ibu umur 10 – 54 tahun yang memilikiriwayat imunisasi yang tercatat pada buku KMS/KIA/catatan kesehatan bayi. Variabel bebas utama ialahkesinambungan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan maternal. Variabel terikat ialah status imunisasi dasarlengkap. Analisis regresi logistik dilakukan dengan perhitungan odds ratio dan 95% Confidence Interval.Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ibu hamil yang tidak berkesinambungan memanfaatkanpelayanan kesehatan maternal, memiliki kecenderungan 1,58 kali untuk tidak memberikan imunisasilengkap kepada anaknya dibandingkan dengan ibu hamil yang berkesinambungan memanfaatkanpelayanan kesehatan maternal.Kesimpulan: Kesinambungan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan maternal berhubungan signifikan denganpemberian imunisasi lengkap anak umur 12 – 23 bulan di Indonesia

Kejadian Pendek-gemuk pada Anak Berusia Bawah Dua Tahun Berhubungan dengan Konsumsi Lemak dan Pendidikan Ibu

Linear growth retardation (stunting) is still prevalent in developing countries. On the other hand, the prevalence of overweight and obesity also increases. The result of the situation is double burden of child nutrition status, both stunted and obese/overweight at time same. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of children under two years of age who are stunted and overweight at the same time and its associated factors in Indonesia. The study used secondary data from the National Basic Health Research in 2010. The samples were 2116 under two year of age from all provinces in Indonesia. Anthropometry indices were generated using 2005 WHO standards for children. A child that categorized as stunted and overweight were those with a length-for-age z-score <-2 SD and a weight-for-length z-score >2SD from the median of the reference standard adjusted for the relevant sex and age group. Logistic regression and sample weighting factors were performed for the data analysis. The result wasthe prevalence of stunting with concurrent overweight 19.8 percent. Factors that significantly associated with stunting overweight were fat intake and maternal education. Low fat intake was associated with stunting and overweight (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29-0.94). Mother with no schooling is also associated with stunting and overweight of their children (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.35-7.78). This analysis emphasizes that there had been double burden of child nutrition among children in Indonesia.However, eventhough low fat intake was one of the factors associated with stunting and overweight among under two children, restriction of fat intake in first year of life is not recommended

Asupan Zat Besi Dan Seng Pada Bayi Umur 6 – 11 Bulan Di Kelurahan Jati Cempaka, Kota Bekasi, Tahun 2014

Infants are at higher risk of iron and zinc deficiency because of their rapid growth and higher iron and zinc needs. The infants' iron and zinc status are directly affected by their dietary intake. The aims of this study were to measure the average and the deficit of iron and zinc intake in infants aged 6 – 11.months in Kelurahan Jati Cempaka Kota Bekasi, 2014. The research was conducted in 10 Integrated Health Service in Kelurahan Jati Cempaka, Bekasi City, 2014. Eighty pairs of infants and mothers were selected as samples. Infants' intake were assessed by 2 x 24 hours non-consecutive dietary recall. Independent T test analysis were conducted to identify the differences in iron and zinc intake between underweight infant and infant with normal nutritional status. Analysis showed that iron and zinc the total of average of breastfeeding infants were 2,3 ± 1,2 mg/day and 1,7 ± 0,7 mg/day. Iron and zinc The average deficit of of breastfeeding infants were 4,7 ± 1,2 mg/day and 1,3 ± 0,7 mg/day. There was significant difference on the average of iron intake between underweight infant and infants with normal nutritional status. But there was no significant difference on the zinc intake. However zinc intake the average of of underweight infant was lower than the normal infant with normal nutritional status. Nutrition counseling about good complementary feeding practice to the mothers of infants is needed, especially complementary food from animal source. Multi micro nutrient supplementations to the infants need to be considered, regarding low consumption of complementary food from animal source

Perencanaan Sistem Drainase Kali Tenggang Semarang

Kali Tenggang is one of the urban drainage systems in East Semarang. Kali Tenggang flows through industrial zones in Semarang, such as Kaligawe that has an important roles for regional economoy. Kali Tenggang which through downtown makes watershed of Kali Tenggang cannot out from flood disaster. There are many factors cause this disaster, like reducing channel capacity because of sedimentation, number of land subsidence, backwater and overflow from rivers around Kali Tenggang. Some of the attempt to solve this problem are redesign channel and build retention pond, so the live of the people who live around Kali tenggang can run well and prosper. Design of Retention Pond and redesign channel use HEC-RAS program with HEC-HMS's discharge and cross section data as input data. Redesign channel planned on 9 sections,they are Majapahit,, Bugen, Tlogosari, Rel area, Muktiharjo, Dempellor, Terboyo, Pacar, and Tambakrejo. Construction of retention pond and redesign channel project spend Rp 122.269.035.885,00 and this project finished on 156 days