Kendala Dan Prospek Pengembangan Padi Gogo Di Kabupaten Aceh Timur

Potential dry land in East Aceh likely to develop upland rice, so that information about opportunities for upland rice farming so that the necessary technology to support its development . This paper objectives to analyze the probability of an increase in the production of upland rice in East Aceh, constraints and problems faced, and to anticipate necessary. The results of the study showed that upland rice farming viable with R / C is 1.98 , although the low productivity due to use of local varieties but relatively high grain prices. Principal economic constraints faced by farmers in upland rice farming limitations in terms of capital, primarily to labor costs and procurement of production inputs (seed and obat-obatan/herbisida). Basic social constraints in ricetechnology adoption is still traditional, labor is limited so to still largely mutual cooperation especially for planting and harvesting, farmers' perceptions about upland rice cultivation does not need to be intensified, which led to intensive upland rice farmers. For the development of upland rice required more intensive counseling especially on good upland rice cultivation. Development of upland rice is generally on land that is not permanent, because of the potential for ample land. Need good coordination, when the devel opment programs upland rice especially with local government Keyword: upland rice, constraints, development, East Ace

Optimalisasi Inseminasi Buatan (Ib) Mendukung Percepatan Produksi Dan Swasembada Daging Sapi

In order to make an effort of beef self-sufficiency, various programs/activities have been  conducted, but until now, beef self-sufficiency has not be achieved. IB optimization activity is  seen as a lever of beef production acceleration. This paper aims to analyse the production  performance and main lever of beef production acceleration from the aspect of IB  optimization, and to identifying problems and its solutions. This study uses secondary data  and literature from various sources. The results showed that the beef production during the  last decade tend to decrease, and otherwise, imports has increased, so that the level of self- sufficiency for beef has decreased, even in 2010 only 70.6 percent, while in 2000 reached 93.6 percent. Meanwhile, to increase the cattle population and support the beef production  acceleration, the activity of IB is the main principal activity in achievement of beef/buffalo  meat self-sufficiency in some central as well as national aggregates areas. Application of IB  technology is believed to have economic added value. Although there are some deficiencies in the implementation of IB, but seen from the value of CR and S/C, the performance  indicator, the number of IB implementer (inseminator) in some regions showed  improvement. Moreover, performance can also be seen as the increasing percentage of  calves born from IB activities. Problems that found in location are the lack of inseminator  and lack of cement which is distributed in accordance with the farmers interests. Another problem that is commonly found in the field, among others, are many productive cows have  been slaughtered so it will inhibit population and beef production acceleration. Therefore,  activities of productive cattle rescue that have been running for this time, need to be  optimized again.  Keywords: IB (artificial insemination), beef, production, self-sufficienc

Kinerja Dan Prospek Swasembada Jagung Di Indonesia

Corn is one of the food crop commodity that have an essential role as food, feed and raw materials. The need and demand for corn have increased along with the increase of population. Opportunities of corn development in Indonesia to support national food security and sovereignty are very prospective. This paper aims to evaluate the performanceof corn production and self-sufficiency during the last ten years, identify obstacles and problems in the achievement of self-sufficiency as well as its anticipation, and indentify future prospects.The results showed that corn production during the last ten years has been fluctuated, although tends to decrease. Based on the balance of production and needs in 2011, corn self-sufficiency had achieved index self-sufficiency of 115.52. However, in termsof self-sufficiency is still below 100 percent, so corn production could potentially be improved. Over the past five years the productivity role against dynamics of corn production has reached, average, 224 percent, while the harvested area has decreased (-124%), so that the role of the production contribution is negative, therefore, the dynamics of production aremore reliant on productivity growth. Some innovation of corn production improvements acceleration can be supported by: (1) the addition of planted acreage, including through an increase in paddy fields printing, land optimization, an increase in IP, and application of intercropping pattern, and (2) an increase in productivity (through GP-PTT, provision of improved seed and fertilizer). Application of SL-PTT can leverage the increase in cornproduction, in the era of the new government, Jokowi_JK, that program was continued by GP-PTT, that technology is expected to be able to support sustainable of corn self-sufficiency. Therefore, need some support for the success of that program.Keywords: corn, production ,producivity, self-sufficienc

MILK COLLECTION POINTS: INOVASI KEMITRAAN USAHA TERNAK SAPI PERAH DI PANGALENGAN-BANDUNG SELATAN

The fulfillment of national milk consumption is still facing the problem of low production, productivity and quality of milk from smallholder dairy farmers. Efforts to improve the performance of dairy farming are continuously being made, one of which is partnership cooperation between the milk processing industry, dairy farmers and dairy cooperative. This paper aims to analyze the success of an innovative partnership between the Frisian Flag Indonesia (FFI) milk processing industry and farmers who are members of the South Bandung Dairy Cooperative (KPBS) Pangalengan through the management of the Milk Collection Point (MCP) program. The study results indicate that the cause of the low quality of fresh milk is influenced by the number of initial bacteria in fresh milk, the milk supply chain from farmers to the milk processing industry is too long, and the cooling system is inadequate. The low quality is the cause of the low selling price of fresh milk. The MCP program has not only succeeded in improving the quality of fresh milk but has also provided price incentives for farmers. Dairy farmers who are members of the KPBS receive incentives to improve the dairy cattle management process in the MCP program's direction. It is recommended that cooperation between dairy farmers, the milk processing industry, and dairy farmer cooperatives should continue to be developed to encourage an increase in milk volume and quality as raw material for the milk processing industry. This effort is expected to have an impact on increasing the income and welfare of the dairy farmers in Indonesia.AbstrakPemenuhan kebutuhan susu nasional masih menghadapi permasalahan rendahnya capaian produksi, produktivitas dan kualitas susu dari peternak sapi perah rakyat. Berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja peternakan sapi perah rakyat terus dilakukan, salah satunya berupa kerja sama kemitraan antara industri pengolahan susu dengan peternak dan koperasi peternak sapi perah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberhasilan sebuah inovasi kemitraan antara industri pengolahan susu Frisian Flag Indonesia (FFI) dengan para petermak yang tergabung dalam Koperasi Persusuan Bandung Selatan (KPBS) Pangalengan melalui pengelolaan program Milk Collection Point (MCP). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab rendahnya kualitas susu segar dipengaruhi oleh jumlah bakteri awal pada susu segar, rantai pasok penyetoran susu dari peternak kepada industri pengolahan susu terlalu panjang, dan sistem pendingin yang kurang memadai. Rendahnya kualitas menjadi penyebab rendahnya harga jual susu segar. Program MCP tidak saja berhasil meningkatkan kualitas susu segar juga telah memberikan insentif harga bagi peternak. Para peternak yang tergabung dalam KPBS memperoleh insentif untuk meningkatkan proses pengelolaan usaha ternak sapi perah ke arah yang dipersyaratkan oleh program MCP. Kerja sama antara peternak sapi perah, industri pengolahan susu, dan koperasi peternak dapat terus dikembangkan sehingga dapat mendorong peningkatan volume dan kualitas susu sebagai bahan baku industri pengolahan susu. Upaya ini diharapkan berdampak pada peningkatan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan peternak sapi perah di Indonesia

Irigasi Kecil: Kinerja, Masalah, dan Solusinya

Irrigation facilities is one of the key factors in farming, especially for food crop farming, including rice. A small-scale irrigation system has an area of less than 500 hectares, and it is the backbone of family food security which in turn will lead to national food security. Damage irrigation system networks will threaten food production increase. In the future, irrigation infrastructure must be better managed so that agricultural sector can realize agricultural diversification, conserve wider irrigation system and maintain local wisdom and social capital in irrigation management. The objective of the paper is to analyze performance, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in Indonesia, including small irrigation concepts and understanding, small irrigation performance and development, small irrigation development policies, factors affecting smallscale irrigation development, investments, and prospects. The paper also compares various performances, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in other countries. Small scale irrigation performance is often better than large-scale irrigation, in the sense of water availability throughout the year and equitable water distribution for all service areas. AbstrakSarana irigasi merupakan faktor penting dalam usaha tani khususnya tanaman pangan. Sistem irigasi kecil dengan luas oncoran kurang dari 500 ha merupakan tulang punggung ketahanan pangan keluarga yang pada gilirannya bermuara pada ketahanan pangan tingkat nasional. Kerusakan jaringan sistem irigasi akan mengancam peningkatan produksi pangan. Di masa yang akan datang, infrastruktur irigasi harus dikelola secara lebih baik agar sektor pertanian dapat mewujudkan diversifikasi pertanian, semakin luasnya konservasi sistem irigasi, serta kearifan lokal dan modal sosial dalam pengelolaan irigasi dapat terpelihara. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja, masalah dan solusi sistem irigasi kecil di Indonesia, termasuk konsep dan pengertian irigasi kecil, kinerja dan perkembangan irigasi kecil, kebijakan pengembangan irigasi kecil, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan investasi irigasi kecil, dan prospek pengembangan irigasi kecil. Dalam tulisan ini juga dibandingkan berbagai kinerja, masalah dan solusi dari sistem irigasi kecil di negera-negara lain. Kinerja irigasi kecil seringkali lebih baik dari irigasi skala besar, dalam arti ketersediaan air sepanjang tahun dan terdapat keadilan pembagian air untuk seluruh wilayah oncorannya

Dampak Penggunaan Alat Mesin Panen terhadap Kelembagaan Usaha Tani Padi

Mechanization is a solution for agricultural workforce scarcity, especially in rice farming. This paper aims to study performances and impacts of harvesting and threshing machines on labor institution of rice farming. This research employed survey data of National Farmer’s Panel study conducted by ICASEPS in 2010 and 2015 in wetland agro-ecosystems in Sidrap, Karawang, and Subang Regencies. Data were analyzed descriptively. Mechanization technologies were more efficient in terms of number and time of labor use compared to that of traditional. Negative impact of the machines was share croppers elimination because the land owner tended to cultivate their own farm land. Some labor lose their job opportunity, some got less income from local income share system. Farmers were unprepared to manage agricultural machinery. It is necessary to provide alternative employment for the affected workers. Agricultural mechanization needs to deal with existing traditional labor institutions to having mutual benefit. AbstrakMekanisasi merupakan solusi dari semakin langkanya keberadaan tenaga kerja pertanian, terutama dalam usaha tani padi. Konsekuensi dari adopsi teknologi berdampak pada kinerja ketenagakerjaan dan kelembagaan pertanian setempat. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi arah perubahan penggunaan alat mesin panen dan perontokan padi serta dampaknya terhadap kelembagaan usaha pertanian padi sawah.   Data yang digunakan adalah data base Panel Petani Nasional yang dilakukan oleh PSEKP tahun 2010, 2015 dan 2016. Kajian ini mengambil kasus pada lokasi penelitian agroekosistem lahan sawah di Desa Simpar (Subang).  Sindangsari (Karawang) dan Desa Carawali (Kabupaten Sidrap), Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian menyimpulkan bahwa adopsi teknologi mekanisasi dalam kegiatan panen lebih efisien baik dari sisi tenaga kerja, biaya maupun waktu. Selain itu juga mengurangi kehilangan hasil. Dampak negatifnya menggeser pola kelembagaan penggarapan lahan dari pola sakap menyakap ke arah menggarap lahannya sendiri. Sebagian buruh tani kehilangan kesempatan kerja, berkurangnya bagian (upah) buruh tani dalam sistem bawon yang berlaku setempat. Beberapa masalah lain yang timbul adalah kurangnya kesiapan petani dalam pengelolaan alsintan. Untuk mengatasi dampak negatif berkurangnya kesempatan kerja bagi pembawon serta penyakap, maka diperlukan fasilitasi untuk tumbuhnya alternatif kesempatan kerja bagi buruh yang terdampak oleh penggunaan alsintan tersebut. Selain itu, perubahan usahatani ke arah mekanisasi pertanian tersebut juga harus mempertimbangkan tatanan kelembagaan dan ketenagakerjaan setempat agar dapat tetap berjalan dengan saling menguntungkan

Program Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) di Kabupaten Pacitan: Analisis Dampak dan Antisipasi ke Depan

Salah satu justifikasi penting dari pengembangan Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) adalah bahwa ketahanan pangan nasional harus dimulai dari ketahanan pangan di tingkat rumah tangga. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dari program KRPL terhadap pola pengeluaran pangan rumah tangga, pola konsumsi pangan, tingkat konsumsi dan kecukupan energi dan protein rumah tangga serta Pola Pangan Harapan (PPH). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dampak penerapan KRPL telah dapat mengurangi pengeluaran untuk konsumsi pangan, meningkatkan konsumsi energi dan protein serta PPH. Namun demikian pangsa pengeluaran konsumsi pangan rata-rata rumah tangga peserta program masih relatif besar (61,8 %) dibanding data agregat (tahun 2010) Jawa Timur (52,2%) dan Indonesia (51,4 %), sedikit lebih rendah dibanding pengeluaran rata-rata rumah tangga non peserta (62,9%). Hasil analisis tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa rumah tangga peserta dan non peserta KRPL di Kabupaten Pacitan masih kurang sejahtera dibanding agregat Provinsi dan Indonesia. Keberhasilan Program KRPL akan sangat ditentukan oleh potensi sumberdaya lahan pekarangan, kapasitas SDM petani sebagai pengelola lahan pekarangan, teknologi spesifik lokasi lahan pekarangan, dan kelembagaan pengelola KRPL dalam mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan. Kebijakan antisipatif untuk mendukung keberlanjutan program KRPL ke depan adalah : (1) perencanaan dan sosialisasi program secara matang, (2) pendampingan dan pemberian motivasi kepada kelompok sasaran, (3) pelatihan pemanfaatan hasil pekarangan mendukung diversifikasi konsumsi pangan, (4) monitoring dan evaluasi pelaksanaan program dan dampaknya, (5) pentingnya aspek pendukung KBD, paket program, dan pasar , serta (6) pentingnya aspek promosi dan advokasi kepada pemangku kepentingan

Analisis Peluang Peningkatan Kesempatan Kerja dan Pendapatan Petani Melalui Pengelolaan Usahatani Bersama

EnglishPoverty alleviation efforts are not only government responsibility, but also the responsibility of community in general, farmers in particular. This particular research aims to analyse the benefit of group farming systems in increasing production, return and employment opportunity. For this purpose, mathematical programming is used to analyse the benefit of group farming system. Research was conducted in the Patanas villages, two  in West Java and another two in Central Java. Results indicated that patnership among farmers could practically be implemented and could increase production by 5 to 10 percent, profit by 18 to 30 percent and employment opportunity by 20 to 30 percent. Therefore, farmers partnership can assist and could speed up poverty alleviation program in the rural areas. This particular analysis in the same time also indicated that in facts an individual rice field farming is inefficient in terms the use of producton cost, fertilizers aplication and also inefficient in land allocation. Policy implication of this study is that farmers suggested to practice group farming system. It would assure increase in productivity, farmers’ income and employment opportunity. Government role should be placed in social innovation, provide subsidy and credit which can extent and establish this group farming system. Indonesian Pengentasan kemiskinan tidak hanya menjadi tanggungjawab pemerintah tetapi juga masyarakat pada umumnya dan petani pada khususnya. Penelitian ini mencoba melakukan analisis keunggulan pengelolaan usahatani bersama dalam peningkatan produksi, pendapatan dan kesempatan kerja pertanian. Analisis menggunakan ranca-ngan programasi matematika. Penelitian dilakukan di Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah masing-masing pada dua desa yang tercakup dalam Patanas. Hasil penelitian memperli-hatkan bahwa kerjasama antar petani layak dilakukan karena dapat meningkatkan produksi sebesar 5-10 persen, meningkatkan keuntungan 18-30 persen, dan kesempatan kerja bertambah sebesar 20-30  persen.  Dengan demikian, kerjasama dapat membantu mempercepat pengentasan kemiskinan di pedesaan. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa usahatani sawah rakyat yang dikelola secara individu tidak efisien karena terbukti penggunaan biaya, pupuk dan alokasi lahan yang boros.  Implikasi kebijakannya adalah para petani harus melakukan kerjasama dalam pengelolaan usahatani, karena tersedia peluang peningkatan produktivitas, pendapatan petani dan kesempatan kerja. Pemerin-tah dapat berperan dalam hal inovasi sosial, subsidi dan kredit yang dapat memperluas dan menumbuhkan kerjasama tersebut

The role of the digitized milk collection point in increasing milk quality and income of smallholder dairy farmers in Pangalengan-Bandung

The low quality of fresh milk has become one of the main constraints smallholder dairy farmers face in almost all developing countries, including Indonesia. The low quality of fresh milk has resulted in lower prices received by farmers. It can even result in the rejection of milk by milk processors, which is detrimental to smallholder farmers. This paper aims to analyze the impact of automated and digitized milk collection points (AD-MCPs) on the quality of fresh milk, the price of milk, and smallholder dairy farmers' income in Pangalengan, Bandung, West Java. The data and information of 300 households are part of the baseline survey of 600 smallholder dairy farmers in four districts of West Java between July and September 2017. The results show that AD-MCP facilities have successfully encouraged smallholder dairy farmers to adopt and implement improved management practices to increase dairy cows' productivity and fresh milk quality, resulting in increased prices and farm income.    Therefore, the government needs to endorse, facilitate, and accelerate the development of AD-MCPs to increase domestic fresh milk production, quality of fresh milk, and dairy farmers' income. AD-MCP development is implemented through a partnership between dairy farmers, cooperatives, and milk processors

The profitability analysis of rubber plantation in Batang Hari Regency and Sanggau Regency (Case study: Penerokan Village and Semoncol Village)

During 2009-2012 the price of rubber increased sharply, on the contrary during 2012-2018 the price decreased, and the farm price level in 2018 was lower than the average in 2009. The decline in rubber prices had an impact on the income of rubber farming. This study aims to analyze the changes in rubber prices on the performance of rubber farming and rubber farmers’ incomes The main data used is the ICASEPS’ Patanas database for 2009, 2012, and 2018. This study took cases in small-holder farmer in Penerokan Village (Batang Hari Regency, Jambi) and Semoncol Village (Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan). Data analysis using R/C ratio. The results showed that the average price of rubber during 2009-2012 increased from IDR7,961/kg to IDR12,968/kg or increased by 62.9%, but in 2018 its decreased by an average of 45% to IDR6,875/kg and tended to decrease. Revenue from rubber farming during 2009, 2012 and 2019 in Penerokan was IDR12,974,000 respectively; IDR10,843,000 and IDR7,878,000 with an R/C ratio of 1.67; 1.87 and 1.67. Revenue from rubber farming in Semoncol 2009, 2012 and 2019 was IDR 10,656,000 respectively; IDR15,990,000 and IDR10,950,000 with an R/C ratio of 1.50; 2.00 and 1.29. The R/C ratio of rubber farming in both villages is more than 1, indicating that rubber farming is economically feasible. Household income in both locations still dominated by agricultural activities