Search for exotic charmonium states

One of the most intriguing puzzles in hadron spectroscopy are the numerous charmonium-like states observed in the last decade, including charged states that are manifestly exotic. The $BABAR$ and Belle experiments have extensively studied those in B meson decays, initial state radiation processes and two photon reactions. We can question what we have understood after 11 year search in this field, and try to combine results to conclude on what these new unpredicted resonant states are, and how they can be accommodated in the theory. Big effort has been made from theoretical and experimental point of view, as the potential models unlikely explain the presence of so many enhancements, for mass values above the $D \bar D$ threshold. In this report the $BABAR$ and Belle results of the two invariant mass systems of $J/\psi \phi$ and $J/\psi \omega$ are put in comparison in a search for non-conventional charmonium states. This involves the study of the systems of $J/\psi K^+ K^-$ and $J/\psi \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0$, respectively. There are strong theoretical arguments in favor of the presence of hybrids or exotic states, in those invariant mass distributions. Remarks on these data analyses are given, based on the $BABAR$ and Belle experimental results.Comment: 8 pages, 21 figures, Proceedings of a plenary talk on behalf of the BaBar and the Belle Collaborations, at the Conference HQL 2014. Submitted at Pos - Proceedings of Science. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1410.565

Exotics at Belle and perspectives at Belle II

The search for multi-quark states beyond the constituent quark model (CQM) has resulted in the discovery of many new exotic states, starting with the observation of the X(3872), discovered by Belle in 2003. Also in the sector of charm-strange physics the CQM does not seem to describe properly all spectrum, despite of theoretical expectations. These new forms of quark bounds clearly show that mesons and baryons are not the only possibilities to be considered. We shortly report in this paper selected recent results on searching for such states at Belle, with the perspectives in the hadron physics program at the Belle II experiment.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, proceedings written for the "Excited QCD Workshop 2018", Kopaonik (Serbia

Search for exotics in the rare decay B→J/ψKKKB \rightarrow J/\psi K K K at BABARBABAR

One of the most intriguing puzzles in hadron spectroscopy are the numerous charmonium-like states observed in the last decade, including charged states that are manifestly exotic. Over the years, the experiment $BABAR$ has extensively studied those in B meson decays, initial state radiation processes and two photon reactions. We report in this paper a new study on some of those states, performed using the entire data sample collected by $BABAR$ in $e^+e^-$ collisions, at center of mass energies near 10.58 GeV/c$^2$. The study of the process $B \rightarrow J/\psi \phi K$ will be presented, and the search for the resonant states X(4140) and X(4270) in their decays to $J/\psi \phi$, will be highlighted.Comment: 5 pages, 16 figures; Proceedings written for a poster at the International Conference of New Frontiers in Physics, ICNFP 2014; submitted at EPJ Web of Conference

Change, Coordination, and Capabilities

Empirical studies on coordination of economic activities focused on the two polar cases of governance mode, namely vertical integration and market exchanges. Whether firms should be vertically integrated or lever market exchanges in the face of change is, however, debated. Two positions have emerged. Some scholars argue that the vertically integrated firm is the appropriate mode of coordination when change occurs, while market exchanges are more appropriate for dealing with stable contexts (Teece, 1996). On the other hand, Harrigan (1984, 1985) contends that firms should rely on market exchanges when technological change renders upstream capabilities obsolete. Based on two case studies of the aircraft engine industry, this paper introduces the concept of systems integration as the primary coordination mechanism in-between markets and hierarchies that firms employ to cope with change. The focus is on multitechnology settings. Multitechnology, multicomponent products intensify the coordination efforts for firms developing them and therefore provide a vantage point to study coordination modes in the face of technological change. The paper argues that systems integration, as a coordination mechanism, comprises a set of different technological and organizational skills, ranging from component assembly through the understanding and integration of the technological disciplines underlying a product, to project management. It shows that from a competitive point of view, systems integration is most appropriately understood as knowledge integration. Systems integrating firms are understood as those organizations that set up the network of actors involved in the industry and lead it from an organizational and technological viewpoint.technological change, systems integration, knowledge integration, vertical integration, market exchanges

Getting Close Without Touching: Near-Gathering for Autonomous Mobile Robots

In this paper we study the Near-Gathering problem for a finite set of dimensionless, deterministic, asynchronous, anonymous, oblivious and autonomous mobile robots with limited visibility moving in the Euclidean plane in Look-Compute-Move (LCM) cycles. In this problem, the robots have to get close enough to each other, so that every robot can see all the others, without touching (i.e., colliding with) any other robot. The importance of solving the Near-Gathering problem is that it makes it possible to overcome the restriction of having robots with limited visibility. Hence it allows to exploit all the studies (the majority, actually) done on this topic in the unlimited visibility setting. Indeed, after the robots get close enough to each other, they are able to see all the robots in the system, a scenario that is similar to the one where the robots have unlimited visibility. We present the first (deterministic) algorithm for the Near-Gathering problem, to the best of our knowledge, which allows a set of autonomous mobile robots to nearly gather within finite time without ever colliding. Our algorithm assumes some reasonable conditions on the input configuration (the Near-Gathering problem is easily seen to be unsolvable in general). Further, all the robots are assumed to have a compass (hence they agree on the "North" direction), but they do not necessarily have the same handedness (hence they may disagree on the clockwise direction). We also show how the robots can detect termination, i.e., detect when the Near-Gathering problem has been solved. This is crucial when the robots have to perform a generic task after having nearly gathered. We show that termination detection can be obtained even if the total number of robots is unknown to the robots themselves (i.e., it is not a parameter of the algorithm), and robots have no way to explicitly communicate.Comment: 25 pages, 8 fiugre

Making Design Rules: A Multi-Domain Perspective

This study analyzes the processes whereby organizations develop radical innovations in response to environmental transformations. It explores the changes in organizational structures, practices and business strategies entailed by the implementation of such innovations. From the literature on modularity, we borrow the idea that the evolutionary dynamics of artifacts and organizations are linked by design rules, i.e. a set of principles that allocate functions to components, identify the operating principle of each component and determine the interfaces among modules. Through an in-depth case study of radical innovation in tire manufacturing, we study the joint dynamics of technical and organizational change during the transition from old to new design rules. We argue that technical change and organization adaptation are linked, but that such relationship is mediated and rendered open-ended by the evolution of the underlying bodies of knowledge.organizational change, innovation, technological change, modularity, tire manufacturing