7 research outputs found
Two instances of gonadal abnormalities in Indian mackerel
The Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta is
known to be dioecious with male and female gonads
in separate individuals. However, gonadal
abnormalities such as hermaphroditism and other
aberrations have been observed in a few instances.
Gonadal abnormalities in mackerel observed during
regular biological sampling from fish samples
collected from the landing centre is reported here.
For the histological analysis, the gonads were fixed
in 10% neutral buffered formalin, dehydrated in
ethanol series and the cleared samples were
embedded in paraffin wax and made into blocks
Microplastics in the gut of anchovies caught from the mud bank area of Alappuzha, Kerala
Marine litter or the non-degradable wastes
generated due to anthropogenic activities, has been
recognized as one of the major threats to coastal
marine ecosystem in the 21st century. These
originate mainly from land and enter the aquatic
ecosystem through land runoff and also when they
are discarded by human beings directly into the
coastal waters
Explaining the Atypical Reaction Profiles of Heme Enzymes with a Novel Mechanistic Hypothesis and Kinetic Treatment
Many heme enzymes show remarkable versatility and atypical kinetics. The fungal extracellular enzyme chloroperoxidase (CPO) characterizes a variety of one and two electron redox reactions in the presence of hydroperoxides. A structural counterpart, found in mammalian microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP), uses molecular oxygen plus NADPH for the oxidative metabolism (predominantly hydroxylation) of substrate in conjunction with a redox partner enzyme, cytochrome P450 reductase. In this study, we employ the two above-mentioned heme-thiolate proteins to probe the reaction kinetics and mechanism of heme enzymes. Hitherto, a substrate inhibition model based upon non-productive binding of substrate (two-site model) was used to account for the inhibition of reaction at higher substrate concentrations for the CYP reaction systems. Herein, the observation of substrate inhibition is shown for both peroxide and final substrate in CPO catalyzed peroxidations. Further, analogy is drawn in the “steady state kinetics” of CPO and CYP reaction systems. New experimental observations and analyses indicate that a scheme of competing reactions (involving primary product with enzyme or other reaction components/intermediates) is relevant in such complex reaction mixtures. The presence of non-selective reactive intermediate(s) affords alternate reaction routes at various substrate/product concentrations, thereby leading to a lowered detectable concentration of “the product of interest” in the reaction milieu. Occam's razor favors the new hypothesis. With the new hypothesis as foundation, a new biphasic treatment to analyze the kinetics is put forth. We also introduce a key concept of “substrate concentration at maximum observed rate”. The new treatment affords a more acceptable fit for observable experimental kinetic data of heme redox enzymes
Not Available
Not AvailableProtein-lipid film is a very popular food material which can be prepared from various
protein foods. A remarkable example of the protein-lipid film is a traditional soybean food
which is a cream-yellow bland flavoured surface film of high nutritional value (soy
protein-lipid film, designated as Yuba or soymilk skin), which is formed during the heating
of soymilk. The protein digestion rate of the protein-lipid film is almost 100%.The
objective of this study was to optimize the production of the composite protein lipid film
using ohmic heating method, which has a significant effect on the quality of film produced
over the conventional water bath heating, from blends of soy milk, peanut milk and fresh
corn milk according to D-optimal mixture design approach. Results demonstrated that soy
milk, peanut milk and fresh corn milk had noticeable effect on yield and protein content of
the film. Multi-response optimization using all of the regression models was performed
with the Design-Expert software, using its defaults settings to construct a desirability score
that balances all of the fitted models. The methodology of the desired function was applied
and the optimum level of various process variables was obtained as, Soy milk 0.57 Peanut
milk 0.4 and corn milk 0.03, which gives the maximum of 21.44 g/100ml yield and
56.83% protein content with overall desirability value of 0.81.Other responses like colour,
rehydration capacity and thickness of the film found to have no significant effect with the
different milk formulationsNot Availabl
Not Available
Not AvailableIn the current study, soybean aqueous extract (SAE)-based nanocomposite film was developed by incorporating cellulose nanofiber (CNF) at various concentrations (0–10%). Effect of nanoreinforcement on essential properties of the nanocomposite film such as barrier, mechanical, water affinity, and optical properties were evaluated. Homogeneous films with improved barrier and mechanical properties were observed until 6% CNF, beyond which considerable reduction in desirable properties was noticed due to nanoparticle's agglomeration effect. Furthermore, the prediction of the mechanical and barrier properties of nanocomposite film was performed with mathematical models such as modified Halpin–Tsai and modified Nielsen equations, respectively. The model-fitting results reveal that the theoretically predicted values were in close agreement with the experimental values. Hence, these models were well suited for predicting respective properties. Model prediction also implies that the increase in the aspect ratio of fillers can considerably cause a reduction in water vapor permeability and improvement in mechanical properties. Suitability of developed film as cheese slice separator was evaluated: they had equivalent outcomes in terms of easiness in slice separation and wholeness of slices after separation compared to the commercial material.Not Availabl
Not Available
Not AvailableThe Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta is
known to be dioecious with male and female gonads
in separate individuals. However, gonadal
abnormalities such as hermaphroditism and other
aberrations have been observed in a few instances.
Gonadal abnormalities in mackerel observed during
regular biological sampling from fish samples
collected from the landing centre is reported here.
For the histological analysis, the gonads were fixed
in 10% neutral buffered formalin, dehydrated in
ethanol series and the cleared samples were
embedded in paraffin wax and made into blocks.Not Availabl
Not Available
Not AvailableMarine litter or the non-degradable wastes
generated due to anthropogenic activities, has been
recognized as one of the major threats to coastal
marine ecosystem in the 21st century. These
originate mainly from land and enter the aquatic
ecosystem through land runoff and also when they
are discarded by human beings directly into the
coastal waters.Not Availabl