Supplemental Oxygen Protects Heart Against Acute Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI), which occurs often due to acute ischemia followed by reflow, is associated with irreversible loss (death) of cardiomyocytes. If left untreated, MI will lead to progressive loss of viable cardiomyocytes, deterioration of cardiac function, and congestive heart failure. While supplemental oxygen therapy has long been in practice to treat acute MI, there has not been a clear scientific basis for the observed beneficial effects. Further, there is no rationale for the amount or duration of administration of supplemental oxygenation for effective therapy. The goal of the present study was to determine an optimum oxygenation protocol that can be clinically applicable for treating acute MI. Using EPR oximetry, we studied the effect of exposure to supplemental oxygen cycling (OxCy) administered by inhalation of 21–100% oxygen for brief periods (15–90 min), daily for 5 days, using a rat model of acute MI. Myocardial oxygen tension (pO2), cardiac function and pro-survival/apoptotic signaling molecules were used as markers of treatment outcome. OxCy resulted in a significant reduction of infarct size and improvement of cardiac function. An optimal condition of 30-min OxCy with 95% oxygen + 5% CO2 under normobaric conditions was found to be effective for cardioprotection

Nonlinear finite element analysis of lattice core sandwich plates

| openaire: EC/H2020/745770/EU//SANDFECHA displacement-based, geometrically nonlinear finite element model is developed for lattice core sandwich panels modeled as 2-D equivalent single-layer (ESL), first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) micropolar plates. The nonlinearity is due to the moderate macrorotations of the plate which are modeled by including the von Karman nonlinear strains in the micropolar strain measures. Weak-form Galerkin formulation with linear Lagrange interpolations is used to develop the displacement finite element model. Selective reduced integration is used to eliminate shear locking and membrane locking. The novel finite element model is used to study the nonlinear bending and linear free vibrations of web-core and pyramid core sandwich panels. Clamped and free edge boundary conditions are considered for the first time for the 2-D micropolar ESL-FSDT plate theory. The present 2-D finite element results are in good agreement with the corresponding detailed 3-D FE results for the lattice core sandwich panels. The 2-D element provides computationally cost-effective solutions; in a nonlinear bending example, the number of elements required for the 2-D micropolar plate is of the order 10(3) , whereas for the corresponding 3-D model the order is 10(5) .Peer reviewe

Heteropoly acid-catalyzed highly efficient alkylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with benzylic and propargylic alcohols

Various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds reacted readily with benzylic and propargylic alcohols in the presence of 10 mol % of phosphomolybdic acid supported on silica gel (PMA/SiO2) under mild reaction conditions to produce 2-benzylic- and 2-propargylic-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in excellent yields and with high selectivity

Transformation of Au<inf>144</inf>(SCH<inf>2</inf>CH<inf>2</inf>Ph)<inf>60</inf> to Au<inf>133</inf>(SPh- t Bu)<inf>52</inf> Nanomolecules: Theoretical and experimental study

Ultrastable gold nanomolecule Au144(SCH2CH2Ph)60 upon etching with excess tert-butylbenzenethiol undergoes a core-size conversion and compositional change to form an entirely new core of Au133(SPh-tBu)52. This conversion was studied using highresolution electrospray mass spectrometry which shows that the core size conversion is initiated after 22 ligand exchanges, suggesting a relatively high stability of the Au144(SCH2CH2Ph)38(SPh-tBu)22 intermediate. The Au144 \u2192 Au133 core size conversion is surprisingly different from the Au144 \u2192 Au99 core conversion reported in the case of thiophenol, 12SPh. Theoretical analysis and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that rigid p-tBu groups play a crucial role by reducing the cluster structural freedom, and protecting the cluster from adsorption of exogenous and reactive species, thus rationalizing the kinetic factors that stabilize the Au133 core size. This 144-atom to 133-atom nanomolecule\u2019s compositional change is reflected in optical spectroscopy and electrochemistry

Management of coronary disease in patients with advanced kidney disease

BACKGROUND Clinical trials that have assessed the effect of revascularization in patients with stable coronary disease have routinely excluded those with advanced chronic kidney disease. METHODS We randomly assigned 777 patients with advanced kidney disease and moderate or severe ischemia on stress testing to be treated with an initial invasive strategy consisting of coronary angiography and revascularization (if appropriate) added to medical therapy or an initial conservative strategy consisting of medical therapy alone and angiography reserved for those in whom medical therapy had failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. A key secondary outcome was a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 2.2 years, a primary outcome event had occurred in 123 patients in the invasive-strategy group and in 129 patients in the conservative-strategy group (estimated 3-year event rate, 36.4% vs. 36.7%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.29; P=0.95). Results for the key secondary outcome were similar (38.5% vs. 39.7%; hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.29). The invasive strategy was associated with a higher incidence of stroke than the conservative strategy (hazard ratio, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.52 to 9.32; P=0.004) and with a higher incidence of death or initiation of dialysis (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.11; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease, advanced chronic kidney disease, and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction