Three-isotope plot of fractionation in photolysis: A perturbation theoretical expression

The slope of the three-isotope plot for the isotopomer fractionation by direct or nearly direct photodissociation is obtained using a perturbation theoretical analysis. This result, correct to first order in the mass difference, is the same as that for equilibrium chemical exchange reactions, a similarity unexpected a priori. A comparison is made with computational results for N2O photodissociation. This theoretical slope for mass-dependent photolytic fractionation can be used to analyze the data for isotopic anomalies in spin-allowed photodissociation reactions. Earlier work on chemical equilibria is extended by avoiding a high-temperature approximation

Urinary Peptide Levels in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Introduction: Peptide levels in urine are found to be decreased in renal failure. In the current study urinary peptide levels were determined in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. Method: 86 CRF patients and 80 healthy controls were selected for the study. Urinary proteins and peptide levels were determined by spectrophotometer based Lowry and Bradford methods. Urinary creatinine levels were determined by clinical chemistry analyzer. Results: There was significant decrease in urinary peptide levels in CRF patients and Urinary % peptides were significantly decreased in CRF patients as compared to healthy controls. Urinary % peptides correlated negatively with proteinuria. Conclusion: we have found decrease in urinary peptides and % urinary peptides in CRF patients and possibly measurement of % urinary peptides may possibly serve as better indicator in early detection of impairment in renal function

Postoperative Catheter induced bacteriuria in obstetrics and gynaecological cases

Background: Urinary tract infection is one of most common nosocomial infection and prolonged bladder catheterization is frequent cause. These infections increase hospital stay of patients, morbidity and financial burden. This study was performed to determine rate of catheter induce bacteriuria, most common organisms isolated, rate of bacteriuria associated with duration of catheterization and type of surgery (Elective or Emergency).Methods: This is prospective observational study done over a period of one year from 2015 January to 2016 January and 599 patients enrolled. The variables studied are rate of catheter induce bacteriuria, most common organisms isolated, rate of bacteriuria associated with duration of catheterization and type of surgery (Elective or Emergency).Results: Rate of catheter induce bacteriuria was 34.5%, most common organisms isolated were E. coli, Enteroccocus, MR CONS, Candida albicans, Klebsiella, streptococci. Bacteriuria was 10.5% when duration of catheterization was less than 12 hrs and 73.9% when duration of catheterization was more than 36 hrs. Also, bacteriuria was more in emergency cases.Conclusions: It is better to avoid catheterization, duration of catheterization should be reduced so that it reduces catheter induced bacteriuria and associated morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and financial burden

Two-Hop Routing with Traffic-Differentiation for QoS Guarantee in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper proposes a Traffic-Differentiated Two-Hop Routing protocol for Quality of Service (QoS) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It targets WSN applications having different types of data traffic with several priorities. The protocol achieves to increase Packet Reception Ratio (PRR) and reduce end-to-end delay while considering multi-queue priority policy, two-hop neighborhood information, link reliability and power efficiency. The protocol is modular and utilizes effective methods for estimating the link metrics. Numerical results show that the proposed protocol is a feasible solution to addresses QoS service differenti- ation for traffic with different priorities.Comment: 13 page

Alveolar macrophages and Toll-like receptor 4 mediate ventilated lung ischemia reperfusion injury in mice.

BackgroundIschemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is a sterile inflammatory process that is commonly associated with diverse clinical situations such as hemorrhage followed by resuscitation, transient embolic events, and organ transplantation. I-R injury can induce lung dysfunction whether the I-R occurs in the lung or in a remote organ. Recently, evidence has emerged that receptors and pathways of the innate immune system are involved in recognizing sterile inflammation and overlap considerably with those involved in the recognition of and response to pathogens.MethodsThe authors used a mouse surgical model of transient unilateral left pulmonary artery occlusion without bronchial involvement to create ventilated lung I-R injury. In addition, they mimicked nutritional I-R injury in vitro by transiently depriving cells of all nutrients.ResultsCompared with sham-operated mice, mice subjected to ventilated lung I-R injury had up-regulated lung expression of inflammatory mediator messenger RNA for interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-1 and -2, paralleled by histologic evidence of lung neutrophil recruitment and increased plasma concentrations of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and high-mobility group protein B1 proteins. This inflammatory response to I-R required toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). In addition, the authors demonstrated in vitro cooperativity and cross-talk between human macrophages and endothelial cells, resulting in augmented inflammatory responses to I-R. Remarkably, the authors found that selective depletion of alveolar macrophages rendered mice resistant to ventilated lung I-R injury.ConclusionsThe data reveal that alveolar macrophages and the pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor-4 are involved in the generation of the early inflammatory response to lung I-R injury

Frechet Differentiable Norm and Locally Uniformly Rotund Renormings

In this paper, we study briefly the role played by the locally uniformly rotund (LUR) norm and Frechet differentiability of a norm on the Banach space theory. Our old outstanding open Problem 3.8 mentioned below is the main object of this paper. We study nearly about it and find some additional assumptions on the space attached with this problem to obtain its positive or negative answer. We investigate different results related to these norms and their duals on different settings. In particular, we introduce reflexive spaces, Banach spaces with unconditional basis, weakly locally uniformly rotund (WLUR) norm, Almost locally uniformly rotund (ALUR) norm, strongly exposed point, sub-differentiability and ϵ-sub-differentiability, σ–slicely continuity, weakly compactly generated (WCG) Banach spaces with ck –smooth norms, Symulian’s Theorem, and some technical lemmas

Source and target enzyme signature in serine protease inhibitor active site sequences

Amino acid sequences of proteinaceous proteinase inhibitors have been extensively analysed for deriving information regarding the molecular evolution and functional relationship of these proteins. These sequences have been grouped into several well defined families. It was found that the phylogeny constructed with the sequences corresponding to the exposed loop responsible for inhibition has several branches that resemble those obtained from comparisons using the entire sequence. The major branches of the unrooted tree corresponded to the families to which the inhibitors belonged. Further branching is related to the enzyme specificity of the inhibitor. Examination of the active site loop sequences of trypsin inhibitors revealed that here are strong preferences for specific amino acids at different positions of the loop. These preferences are inhibitor class specific. Inhibitors active against more than one enzyme occur within a class and confirm to class specific sequence in their loops. Hence, only a few positions in the loop seem to determine the specificity. The ability to inhibit the same enzyme by inhibitors that belong to different classes appears to be a result of convergent evolution