Seasonal Dynamics Of Trematode Parasite, Opisthorchis Pedicellata Infection In Rita Rita ( Hamilton, 1822) Of Gomti River, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Opisthorchis pedicellata (Verma, 1927) a common trematode parasite was recovered from the gallbladder of the freshwater catfish species Rita rita (Ham.)  from Gomti riverine ecosystem of Lucknow, India. The study is focussed on the seasonal and monthly variation in helminth infection represented by parameters like prevalence % and Mean Intensities. This is assessed for the fluke Opisthorchis pedicellata that was recovered from the catfish Rita rita for two annual cycles (July 2021 to June 2023). A total of 840 Rita rita fish were randomly collected from local fisherman from Pipraghat of Gomti river, Lucknow. The fishes were dissected for investigating the parasitological presence of fluke Opisthorchis pedicellata. Presence of the fluke was recorded throughout the study period but in varying intensities and seasonal cycle of occurrence. The prevalence% ranged between 37.43% to 71.43%. In the month of August 2022, 71.43% of the total examined fishes were found infected with the fluke. The prevalence% was least during the month of December 2021 when only 37.43% of the fishes examined were found infected. The maximum mean intensity was seen in the month of July 2022 while the minimum was observed during the month of February 2022

Assessment Of Length-Weight Relationships And Condition Factors In Rita Rita (Hamilton, 1822) Of Gomti River, Lucknow, India

The objective of this research is to assess the length-weight relationship (LWR) as well as Fulton’s condition factor of freshwater catfish species i.e., Rita rita from Gomti River, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. A total of 319 fish specimens were randomly sampled from January 2022 to December 2022. The results revealed the values of ‘b’ for male, female, and pooled populations are 2.68, 2.73, and 2.70 respectively which represents negative allometric growth. The coefficient of correlation, ‘r2 ’ between total length and body weight for males, females, and pooled population were estimated as 0.931, 0.934, and 0.933 which is significant at a 1% level. The fish were found to be in good health condition, as the calculated value of Fulton's condition factor varied from 1.33 to 1.39. The present research is beneficial as it offers pertinent data for studying fish biology, assessing the condition of fish in their habitat, and evaluating parameters about population dynamics

Stroke in sickle cell disease: case report

Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells. It is characterized by polymerization of haemoglobin, erythrocyte stiffening, and subsequent vaso-occlusions. These can lead to microcirculation obstructions, tissue ischemia, infarction and acute stroke. Transient ischemic attack, Ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, silent cerebral infarction, headache, Moyamoya disease, neuropathic pain, and neurocognitive impairment are neurological complications of sickle cell disease. Here we report a case of ischemic stroke in a patient of sickle cell disease. For early diagnosis and proper management of sickle cell disease neurological complications require specialised haematological and neurological expertise. The newly used medications under ongoing research will be the hope to overcome this devastating disease and its complications

Enzyme Inhibition by Molluscicidal Components of Myristica fragrans Houtt. in the Nervous Tissue of Snail Lymnaea acuminata

This study was designed to investigate the effects of molluscicidal components of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Myristicaceae) on certain enzymes in the nervous tissue of freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata Lamarck (Lymnaeidae). In vivo and in vitro treatments of trimyristin and myristicin (active molluscicidal components of Myristica fragrans Houtt.) significantly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP/ALP) activities in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. The inhibition kinetics of these enzymes indicates that both the trimyristin and myristicin caused competitive noncompetitive inhibition of AChE. Trimyristin caused uncompetitive and competitive/noncompetitive inhibitions of ACP and ALP, respectively whereas the myristicin caused competitive and uncompetitive inhibition of ACP and ALP, respectively. Thus results from the present study suggest that inhibition of AChE, ACP, and ALP by trimyristin and myristicin in the snail Lymnaea acuminata may be the cause of the molluscicidal activity of Myristica fragrans

Clinical profile and outcome of patients with placenta previa: a study at a tertiary care referral institute in Northern India

Background: The aim of this study was to determine clinical profile, evaluate our antenatal and intraoperative management and see the maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with placenta previa.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in 130 women with placenta previa in the Department of Gynecology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India between Jan 2015–April 2016. The profile of these patients was recorded in a predesigned proforma and maternal and perinatal outcome analyzed in detail.Results: One third (46/130) of the patients with placenta previa had a history of previous caesarian section, 27% had previous uterine curettage and 82% were multiparous.18% were asymptomatic placenta previa whereas 82% had one or more bleeding episodes. Expectant management was given to 67% patients after first bleeding episode. Majority (92/130) of patients required emergency cesarean section. Due to invasive placentation, 25 patients required cesarean hysterectomy. Ninety percent patients required delivery at ≤37 weeks and neonatal outcome improved with increasing gestation as expected.Conclusions: Reduction in cesarean rate is the major key factor for decreasing the incidence of placenta previa as, as well as placenta accreta and other associated complications as there were no patients diagnosed to have placenta accreta when placenta previa was present without any previous cesarean scar. In cases of invasive placenta, performing a classical CS, not trying to remove the placenta and proceeding directly to hysterectomy resulted in reduced blood loss. Neonatal outcome as well as maternal outcome is best when cesarean is done between 36-37 weeks

A micro bacteriological culture assessment of the histopathological alterations in liver and bile in gallstone disease

Background: The present investigation aims to evaluate both the intensity and occurrence of hepatic impairment in patients afflicted with gallstone disease, examining the involvement of bacteria in the progression of these alterations. Methods: This prospective observational investigation was carried out on 189 patients scheduled for open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy at IGIMS in Patna, Bihar, India. In all the patients, laboratory and radiological investigations were performed. A healthy section of the liver border near the gallbladder fossa was chosen and grasped with non-traumatic forceps. Approximately 1 cm of the liver edge was excised using scissors and forwarded for histopathological analysis. Results: An examination of 189 liver biopsy specimens revealed that 87 (46%) patients showed no abnormalities, while 102 patients (54%) exhibited one or more changes. Upon analysing the liver biopsy samples from the control cohort (41 patients) during autopsy, 37% of the cases were identified to display hepatic lipidosis, while 48% of the cases showed lymphocytic invasion. Importantly, no cases of acute inflammatory changes were detected in the control cohort. Microbiological analysis was conducted on 96 patients, of which 33 (34%) showed positive cultures, with one or more microorganisms isolated from either the biliary tract or liver. Among these, 74% (24 cases) originated from the bile or gallbladder, while 26% (9 cases) were isolated from the liver. Conclusions: Gallstone disease induces significant liver histological changes, notably more prevalent in patients with prolonged symptoms. The present study clearly identifies this and underscores the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention for the effective management of this disease

Pojavnost otpornosti želučano-crijevnih oblića koza na ivermektin u uzgajalištima na području Mathura u Indiji.

Frequent and indiscriminate use of anthelmintic drugs has led to anthelmintic resistance in animals. Different in vivo and in vitro tests have been employed to detect anthelmintic resistance. Among the in vivo tests, faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) can best be used to evaluate anthelmintic efficacy in commercial flocks and herds. In the present study, a total 40 animals, aged 12-24 months, were randomly divided into four groups of 10 goats each. All the 40 goats selected had egg counts of more than 500 eggs per gram (epg). Among these, Group I was kept as untreated control, while Groups II, III and IV were treated with fenbandazole at a dosage rate of 5mg/kg body weight orally, levamisole at a dosage rate of 7.5 mg/kg body weight orally and ivermectin at a dosage rate of 0.2 mg/kg body weight by subcutaneous injection, respectively. Faecal samples from the selected animals were collected on day 0 and day 14 post treatment. EPG was determined from each collected faecal sample and data were analyzed statistically. In Groups II, III and IV, a 71.08 percentage reduction in FEC was recorded with a 95% CI of (32.04-81.12), 97.59 with a 95% CI of (98.32-97.96) and 93.97 with a 95% CI of (91.15-96.80) respectively. Coprocultures of each group identified Haemonchus spp. as the predominant parasite, with an occurrence rate of 85%, followed by Trichostrongylus spp.(7%), Oesophagostomum spp. (5%), Bunostomum spp. (2%) and Strongyloides spp. (1%). The results revealed that gastro intestinal nematodes were found to be resistant to fenbendazole (Group II), but susceptible to Levamisole (Group III), while they were suspected to be resistant to ivermectin (Group IV). This seems to be the first documentation of ivermectin induced anthelmintic resistance against gastro intestinal helminths in goats in the Indian subcontinent.Česta i neopravdana upotreba antihelmintika dovela je do pojave otpornosti parazita životinja. Ta se otpornost može dokazati različitim testovima in vivo i in vitro. Od testova in vivo za određivanju antihelmintičkog učinka u komercijalnih se stada dobrim pokazao test određivanja smanjenja broja jajašaca. U ovom je istraživanju ukupno 40 koza u dobi od 12 do 24 mjeseca bilo podijeljeno u četiri skupine po 10 koza. Svaka koza imala je više od 500 jajašaca po gramu izmeta. Koze su bile svrstane u kontrolnu skupinu (skupina 1) te skupinu 2 koja je bila peroralno liječena fenbendazolom u dozi od 5 mg/kg tjelesne mase, skupinu 3 peroralno liječenu levamisolom u dozi od 7,5 mg/kg i skupinu 4 koja je bila liječena supkutanom primjenom ivermektina u dozi od 0,2 mg/kg. Uzorci izmeta bili su prikupljeni 0. i 14. dana nakon liječenja. U svakom uzorku određen je broj jajašaca po gramu. U 2. skupini zabilježeno je smanjenje broja jajašaca od 71,08 s 95% CI (32,04-81,12). U 3. skupini zabilježeno je smanjenje od 97,59 s 95% CI (98,32-97,96) dok je u 4. skupini zabilježeno smanjenje od 93,97 s 95% CI (91,15-96,80). Koprokulturom je dokazana prisutnost parazita roda Haemonchus koji je ujedno bio i najčešće dokazan (85%). Osim njega bili su dokazani Trichostrongylus spp. (7%), Oesophagostomum spp. (5%), Bunostomum spp. (2%) i Strongyloides spp. (1%). Rezultati su pokazali da su želučano-crijevni oblići koza otporni na fenbendazol (skupina 2), ali ujedno osjetljivi na levamisol (skupina 3). Postavljena je i sumnja na otpornost želučano-crijevnih oblića na ivermektin (skupina 4). Ovo je pionirsko istraživanje o otpornosti želučano-crijevnih oblića koza na ivermektin na području indijskog potkontinenta

FashionNTM: Multi-turn Fashion Image Retrieval via Cascaded Memory

Multi-turn textual feedback-based fashion image retrieval focuses on a real-world setting, where users can iteratively provide information to refine retrieval results until they find an item that fits all their requirements. In this work, we present a novel memory-based method, called FashionNTM, for such a multi-turn system. Our framework incorporates a new Cascaded Memory Neural Turing Machine (CM-NTM) approach for implicit state management, thereby learning to integrate information across all past turns to retrieve new images, for a given turn. Unlike vanilla Neural Turing Machine (NTM), our CM-NTM operates on multiple inputs, which interact with their respective memories via individual read and write heads, to learn complex relationships. Extensive evaluation results show that our proposed method outperforms the previous state-of-the-art algorithm by 50.5%, on Multi-turn FashionIQ -- the only existing multi-turn fashion dataset currently, in addition to having a relative improvement of 12.6% on Multi-turn Shoes -- an extension of the single-turn Shoes dataset that we created in this work. Further analysis of the model in a real-world interactive setting demonstrates two important capabilities of our model -- memory retention across turns, and agnosticity to turn order for non-contradictory feedback. Finally, user study results show that images retrieved by FashionNTM were favored by 83.1% over other multi-turn models. Project page: https://sites.google.com/eng.ucsd.edu/fashionntmComment: Paper accepted at ICCV-202