Обґрунтування конструкції та методика розрахунку конструктивно-технологічних параметрів ежекційного апарату, застосовуваного під час пожежогасіння

The problem of extinguishing flammable combustible liquids is one of the most difficult in the fire fighting, since these fires cause significant economic and environmental damage and often result in human casualties. When extinguishing flammable combustible liquids, it is necessary not only to ensure the combustion cessation, but also to create conditions that ensure long-term prevention of re-ignition. For example, flammable combustible liquids can self-ignite from a heated wall or reservoir designs. In contrast to the quenching of most solid combustible materials, creating such conditions only by cooling the surface of the liquid to the ambient temperature is virtually impossible, since the temperature of the ignition of easily boiling liquids is often lower than the ambient temperature, so flammable combustible liquids easily re-ignite even from relatively weak heat sources. Proceeding from the conditions of fire fighting, the development of new and improved existing methods of extinguishing flammable combustible liquids is based on the principle of isolating their surface. The analysis has shown that the existing means and methods of extinguishing these fires give a rather good result only for small sizes of flammable liquids, flammable substances. In order to extinguish these fires, we have previously proposed the use of gel-forming fire extinguishers and fire protection compositions, which are a binary system consisting of two separate and separately and simultaneously presented compositions. To solve the problem of positive floating layers of gel-like compositions, it was proposed to use granular foam glass – a non-flammable, non-volatile material, and as a device for feeding granular foam glass, we proposed the use of an air release device, the feeding of granules from the foam glass through the hose lines to combustion. The article reveals the tactical and technical requirements and the proposed design of the exhaust device for the supply of granular foam. On the basis of known methods for calculating the design parameters of reactive devices, a theoretical analysis of a discharger for the supply of granular foam of the proposed design, as well as procedures for designing its structural and technological parameters, which creates an experimental sample for laboratory experimental research, has been carried out.На підставі аналізу з'ясовано, що наявні засоби та способи гасіння легкозаймистих рідин дають достатньо добрий результат тільки для невеликих розмірів горючих речовин. Для гасіння цих пожеж раніше запропоновано використовувати гель-формувальні вогнегасники та вогнезахисні композиції, які представляють собою двійкову систему, що складається з двох окремих і роздільно-одночасно поданих композицій. Вирішено питання ефективного застосування технології гасіння пожеж на резервуарах зберігання легкозаймистих горючих рідин з використанням гелеутворювальних вогнегасних і вогнезахисних сумішей, які потрібно подавати на заздалегідь нанесений негорючий плавучий шар гранульованого піноскла. Для вирішення проблеми позитивних плавучих шарів гелеподібних композицій пропонували використовувати гранульоване піностворне скло – негорючий, нелетучий матеріал, і як пристрій для подачі гранульованого піноскло запропоновано використовувати апарат викиду повітря, подачу гранул з піноскла через шлангові лінії до горіння. Визначено тактичні та технічні вимоги, запропоновано конструкцію викидного пристрою для постачання гранульованого пінопласту. Ґрунтуючись на відомих методиках розрахунку конструктивних параметрів струменевих апаратів, проведено теоретичний аналіз роботи ежекційного апарату для подачі гранульованого піноскла запропонованої конструкції, а також запропоновано методику розрахунку його конструктивно-технологічних параметрів, що дало змогу створити дослідно-експериментальний зразок

Analysis of the Causes for Renal Dysfunction during Antibiotic Therapy in a Patient with Lyme Disease

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are recorded throughout the lifecycle of a medicinal product. In the post-marketing period, new ADRs are primarily identified via drug safety signals. In order to assess a signal and establish causality between an adverse drug reaction and a suspected medicinal product, it is necessary to evaluate the signal strength and quality.The aim of the study was to analyse the information submitted to Russian regulatory authorities by a patient and check it for a potential causal association of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) with the use of ceftriaxone and with the patient’s principal diagnosis, Lyme disease.Materials and methods: the authors analysed the patient’s submission received by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2022 with a complaint that the treatment of Lyme disease with ceftriaxone had caused ATIN. The probability of a causal relationship between the medicinal product and the ADR was evaluated using the Naranjo algorithm.Results: according to the review of literature and the spontaneous reports collected in Pharmacovigilance 2.0, the database in the Automated Information System of the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare, both ceftriaxone and the underlying condition (Lyme disease) may cause renal abnormalities. Ceftriaxone is potentially nephrotoxic; it mainly affects the tubular system of the kidneys. Borreliosis may cause kidney damage as well; such damage manifests clinically as rapidly progressing and fatal damage to the glomeruli.Conclusions: the probability of a causal relationship between the development of ATIN in the complainant and the use of ceftriaxone was categorised as “possible”. However, the information available did not allow for establishing a definite relationship between kidney damage and the use of the medicinal product. Further monitoring of similar cases is necessary to minimise the risks of developing this pathology during treatment with ceftriaxone

Предкерамические мономеры для получения нитрида и карбонитрида кремния методами химического осаждения из газовой фазы

Tris(N-methyl)trimethylcyclotrisilazane (cyclosilazane-1) and tetra(N-methyl)tetramethylcyclotetrasilazane (cyclosilazane -2), that are promising preceramic monomers for the production of oxygen-proof materials based on silicon carbonitride and nitride by СVD and CVI, were obtained through methyldichlorosilane aminolysis, isolated and characterized by 1Н, 29Si NMR and gas-liquid chromatography. The conducted research resulted in the identification of factors effecting the reaction direction. According to solvent nature the reaction may be directed either towards cyclosilazane-1 formation or cyclosilazane-2 formation. In terms of efficiency, that is defined as cyclosilazane-1 to cyclosilazane-2 ratio, the solvents may be arranged in the following sequence: rubber solvent > rubber solvent + DE (diethyl ether) > nefras + DE > dichloromethane + DE > benzene.Три(N-метил)триметилциклотрисилазан (циклосилазан-1) и тетра(N-метил)тетраметил-циклотетрасилазан (циклосилазан-2), являющиеся перспективными предкерамическими моно-мерами для получения окислительностойких материалов и формирования матриц ком-позиционных материалов на основе нитрида, карбонитрида кремния методами химического осаждения из газовой фазы, были получены аминолизом метилдихлорсилана, выделены и охарактеризованы методами спектроскопии ЯМР 1Н, 29Si и газожидкостной хроматографии. В результате проведенных исследований выявлены факторы, влияющие на направление реакции. В зависимости от природы растворителя реакция может быть направлена либо в сторону образования циклосилазана-1, либо циклосилазана-2. По своей эффективности, определенной как отношение циклосилазан-1/ циклосилазан-2, растворители могут быть расположены в последовательности: бензин «Галоша» > бензин «Галоша» + диэтиловый эфир (ДЭ) > бензин «Нефраc» + ДЭ > метиленхлорид + ДЭ > бензол

Preceramic monomers for silicon carbonitride and nitride production by means of chemical vapor deposition

Tris(N-methyl)trimethylcyclotrisilazane (cyclosilazane-1) and tetra(N-methyl)tetramethylcyclotetrasilazane (cyclosilazane -2), that are promising preceramic monomers for the production of oxygen-proof materials based on silicon carbonitride and nitride by СVD and CVI, were obtained through methyldichlorosilane aminolysis, isolated and characterized by 1Н, 29Si NMR and gas-liquid chromatography. The conducted research resulted in the identification of factors effecting the reaction direction. According to solvent nature the reaction may be directed either towards cyclosilazane-1 formation or cyclosilazane-2 formation. In terms of efficiency, that is defined as cyclosilazane-1 to cyclosilazane-2 ratio, the solvents may be arranged in the following sequence: rubber solvent > rubber solvent + DE (diethyl ether) > nefras + DE > dichloromethane + DE > benzene

ON THE ISSUE OF SAFETY OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are liders in selling both in the Russian Federation and worldwide. The combination of  analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects make the drugs  of this group very popular in patients with various diseases. The  realization of NSAIDs in pharmacies occurs both by prescription and  over-the-counter, so the safety assessment of the use of this group  of drugs remains relevant. In the current practice, self-administration (responsible selfmedication) of drugs of the NSAID  group is an additional factor affecting the safety of their intake. According to the studies, about 40 % of patients taking  NSAIDs consider that NSAIDS are absolutely safe, and more than 30  % of those taking OTC NSAIDs use them in excess of the  recommended dosages. We analyzed 3963 individual case safety  reports (ICSR) in the federal database «Pharmacovigilance» from  07.12.2008 to 31.08.2017. The inclusion criterions was the presence of information on the off-label application of NSAIDs in the ICSR,  reports of adverse effects that may be associated with the use of this drug or erroneous reports on the active substance, which was  not present in this drug. The most frequent mistakes in the  application were an increase of the daily dose, a change in the  method of administration to patient who are contraindicated with this drug. There were 9 ICSR of burning sensation in the anus with the  introduction of ibuprofen suppositories (not in the label), and 7 ICSR  of ineffectiveness of the active substance, which was not present in this drug