Investigation of influence of concrete material models on cyclic inelastic response of a concrete filled composite plate shear wall

A previously benchmarked finite element model of a previously tested composite plate shear wall-concrete filled (C-PSW/CF) was used to investigate the influence of three concrete material models on in-plane cyclic inelastic wall response, using LS-Dyna. The concrete material models considered were the Winfrith, KCC and CSCM, all available in LS-Dyna. Wall moment hysteresis, using the three concrete material models, were obtained and compared. Individual contribution of the steel and concrete to total base moment was investigated for each wall with the three concrete material models. The numerical results obtained using the KCC and CSCM were compared against the benchmarked results obtained using the Winfrith concrete material model. Moment contribution of the steel web and the steel boundary on total base moment of the steel part of the wall and moment contribution of the concrete web and concrete boundary on total base moment of the concrete part of the wall were individually investigated. The wall models with the KCC and CSCM concrete models were observed to cannot capture wall pinching which was captured by the Winfrith concrete model. The wall strength was overpredicted by the CSCM concrete model and predicted reasonably by the KCC concrete model. Average axial stress distribution of the infill concrete was obtained to investigate wall neutral axis and the maximum attained concrete strength using the three concrete models. Concrete axial stress distribution showed some level of confinement for the concrete models considered

The Anthropocene and Disasters: Near Future, Will It Come?

The Anthropocene Epoch can be characterized not as the increasing effect of humans/cities on the continental soil but as a temporal section in which the planet’s surface, the atmosphere, oceans, and nutrient cycle systems began to be changed/dominated by humans/urban. Together with the urbanization trend, the impact of cities and people is the driving force that started the Anthropocene Epoch. Global problems began to emerge with increasing trends, and irreversible disaster scenarios such as climate change, sixth mass extinction, biological destruction, and disasters were brought to the agenda. The increase in the diversity, frequency, and intensity of disasters increases the vulnerability and exposure of cities and people to different hazards, triggering disasters or making them worse. Events resulting from the Anthropocene Epoch "will the near future come?" also raises questions. For this reason, this study was created based on the assumption that the "Anthropocene Epoch includes disasters and cities play the main role here". In the context of this study, the historical process of the Anthropocene Epoch will be discussed, and the role of cities in this process will be determined. Finally, it will be investigated what will await humanity and cities shortly and which issues should be addressed in cities will be focused on

An investigation on determining optimum wall ratio–cost relationship of shear walled reinforced concrete buildings

Reinforced concrete walls are very efficient structural elements in terms of carrying the lateral loads that are expected to affect the structures during the service of the buildings. These elements, which are not used for economic reasons in buildings designed in areas with low seismic hazard, can actually provide a significant increase in performance with a very small increase in construction cost. In this study, a total of 9 building models have been created and the relationship between optimum reinforced concrete wall ratio and cost on these buildings has been investigated. The design and analysis of the models were carried out according to the criteria specified in TSC 2018. Three different structural systems specified in TSC 2018 were used in the designed models. These structural systems used; RC frame structures, RC wall-frame structures and RC wall structures. These structures were analyzed by Response Spectrum Method which is linear analysis method and base shear forces were obtained. Then, push-over analysis, which is a nonlinear analysis method, was applied to obtain the base shear forces that the structure can actually carry. After the analysis, the quantities of materials to be used for the construction of the structural systems of the models were calculated and current manufacturing prices and rough costs were calculated. In order to compare the obtained costs with the structural performances, nonlinear shear forces and linear shear forces ratios were calculated and the over strength factors were calculated for each model. In the light of the data obtained from the studies in the literature, when the over strength factors and cost values are examined together, it is concluded that the optimum design for the conditions specified in TSC 2018 will be provided with the RC wall ratio between 0.001 - 0.0016. It is concluded that lateral load carrying capacity of construction increases up to 650% by increasing the construction cost by 17% for the designed models

Kafa travması sonrası karşı kulakta ileri derecede işitme kaybı: olgu sunumu

Hearing loss is a known outcome following head trauma. The conductive as well as sensorineural hearing loss have been demonstrated both in cases of head injury. The labyrinthine concussion is postulated to be the underlying mechanism, and it is a common finding in head traumas. There is no specific treatment for labyrinthine concussion. The diagnosis mainly relies on audiometric tests. We reported a case of labyrinthine concussion in the opposite ear of a patient who had head trauma. At 2-month of follow-up, we observed that the contralateral hearing loss of our case persisted.Kafa travması sonrasında işitme kaybı görülebildiği bilinmektedir. Kafa yaralanmaları sonrası hem iletim tipi hem de sensörinöral tip işitme kaybı meydana geldiği gösterilmiştir. Altta yatan mekanizmanın kafa travmalarında sıklıkla rastlanan labirentin konküzyon olduğu varsayılmaktadır. Labirentin konküzyonun özel bir tedavisi yoktur. Tanı esasen odyometrik testlere dayanır. Bu yazıda kafa travması sonrası karşı kulakta labirentin konküzyon nedeniyle işitme kaybı oluşmuş bir hasta sunduk. İki aylık takip sonrasında, karşı kulaktaki işitme kaybının düzelmediğini gözlemledik

Comparison of equivalent seismic load and response spectrum methods according to TSC 2018 and TSC 2007

In this study, two different analysis methods were compared; the first is a linear static analysis method and the second is a linear dynamic analysis method. First one is the Equivalent Seismic Load Method, which is a linear static method where seismic loads can be obtained by applying a simple calculation. The second method, the Response Spectrum method, is a linear dynamic analysis method which obtains the seismic loads using more complex statistical calculations. For this analysis study, 18 structural models with 3 different building heights were analyzed according to the conditions of Equivalent Seismic Load Method and Response Spectrum Method specified in both TSC 2007 and TSC 2018 and base shear forces obtained as a result of these analyzes were compared. As a result of analysis; compared to the results obtained from TSC 2007, due to the effective stiffness coefficients specified in TSC 2018, it was observed that the base shear forces obtained for both methods were lower and the modal period values were longer in the analyzes applied according to TSC 2018. This means that the structural systems created with the designs according to TSC 2018 are more ductile than the structural systems created with the designs made according to TSC 2007. Base shear forces obtained by 2 different analysis methods applied according to regulations stated in both TSC 2018 and TSC 2007; it was observed that the base shear forces obtained by the Equivalent Seismic Load Method were higher than the results of the Response Spectrum Method

Evaluation of the current disease severity scores in paediatric FMF: Is it necessary to develop a new one?

Objectives: Modified adult disease severity scoring systems are being used for childhood FMF. We aim to test the clinical consistency of two common severity scoring systems and to evaluate the correlation of scores with the type of FMF mutations in paediatric FMF patients since certain mutations are prone to severe disease.Methods. Two hundred and fifty-eight children with FMF were cross-sectionally studied. Assessment of the disease severity was performed by using the modified scoring systems of Mor et al. and Pras et al. Genetic analysis was performed using PCR and restriction endonuclease digestion methods for the presence of 15 FMF gene mutations. FMF mutations were grouped into three based on well-known genotypic-phenotypic associations. Correlation between the mutation groups and the severity scoring systems was assessed. The consistency of the severity scoring systems was evaluated.Results. The results of two scoring systems were not statistically consistent with each other (κ = 0.171). This inconsistency persisted even in a more homogeneous subgroup of patients with only homozygote mutations of M694V, M680I and M694I (κ = 0.125). There was no correlation between the mutation groups and either of the scoring systems (P = 0.002, r = 0,196 for scoring systems of Mor et al.; P = 0.009, r = 0.162 for Pras et al.).Conclusions. The inconsistency of the two scoring systems and lack of correlation between the scoring systems and mutation groups raises concerns about the reliability of these scoring systems in children. There is a need to develop a scoring system in children based on a prospective registry. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved

The relationship between insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in non-obese non-diabetic Turkish individuals: a pilot study

Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is related to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome may also be encountered in non-obese, non-diabetic individuals, and there are no published data about the prevalence of these conditions in non-obese, non-diabetic Turkish subjects. We aimed to determine the difference between non-obese, non-diabetic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and healthy controls in terms of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Turkish subjects. Materials and Methods: Non-obese, non-diabetic individuals (n=219) were enrolled. The cohort was divided into two groups according to presence of steatosis in ultrasonography: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group (n=143) and healthy control group (n=76). Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: The prevalences of metabolic syndrome (32.2% vs. 5.3%, respectively; p<0.001) and insulin resistance (46.2% vs. 9.2%, respectively; p<0.001) were significantly higher in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, age (odds ratio 1.534; p=0.0032), insulin resistance (odds ratio 1.074; p<0.001), and serum ALT levels (odds ratio 1.102; p<0.001) were independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusion: Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome are not rare in non-obese, non-diabetic Turkish subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ultrasonographically detected fatty liver was independently associated with insulin resistance, irrespective of the presence of metabolic syndrome

THE EFFECT OF MEMBER GROUPING ON THE OPTIMUM DESIGN OF GRILLAGES VIA SEARCH TECHNIQUES

Member grouping of a steel grillage system has an important effect in the minimum weight design of these systems. In the present research, this effect is investigated using an optimum design algorithm which is based on two stochastic search techniques called particle swarm (PSO) and harmony search (HS) optimization methods. The optimum design problem of a grillage system is formulated by implementing LRFD-AISC (Load and Resistance Factor Design-American Institute of Steel Construction) limitations. It is decided that W-Sections are to be adapted for the longitudinal and transverse beams of the grillage system. 272 W-Section beams given in LRFD code are collected in a pool and the optimum design algorithm is expected to select the appropriate sections from this pool so that the weight of the grillage is the minimum correspondingly the design limitations implemented from the design code are satisfied. The solution for this discrete programming problem is determined by using the PSO and HS algorithms. Design example is presented to demonstrate the effect of beam spacing and performances of stochastic search techniques in the optimum design of grillage systems

Effect of ANA positivity on clinical picture of the JIA: should ANA positive JIA be classified as a different group?

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