The expression of selected immunocytochemical diagnostic markers in the case of chondrosarcoma with a mesenchymal component

The case of 52-year-old man is presented, who had suffered from pains in his right brachial region and in whom, upon admission to the Lower Silesia Centre of Oncology, a tumour of 20 cm in diameter and restricted mobility was disclosed in the right brachial region and proximal 1/3 of his right arm. Radiograms of his right humerus disclosed non-uniform restructuring of the osseous tissue, dominated by osteosclerosis in the upper half of his right humerus, while in the surrounding dift tissues of the proximal portion non-uniform shades were seen of calcified appearance. The patient was qualified to surgical biopsy and histopathological examination of the sample disclosed Chondrosarcoma G II. Following amputation of the right upper extremity together with the scapula, the tumour was subjected to histopathological and immunocytochemical examination in the Department of Pathomorphology, Lower Silesia Centre of Oncology. In numerous samples of the tumour dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma was diagnosed with a dominating component of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), which was confirmed by detecting a high expression of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) within the spindle-shaped cell component of the chondrosarcoma. Spindle-shaped elements in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DChSa) may represent patterns of fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma or the malignant fibrohistiocytoma (MFH) type and they are present as if in the form of restricted fields with no reciprocal infiltrates. Moreover, due to the worse prognosis in the case of the MFH component in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoman as compared to that in classical chondrosarcoma, common evaluation of the material was made by a surgeon, radiologist and histopathologist, accompanied by a minimum panel of immunocytochemical tests (ACT, Vimentyna, Desmina, S-100). This enabled a final diagnosis for all tumour components to be established and prognosis to be made regarding the further fate of the patient

Evaluation of apoptosis, proliferation intensity and metallothionein (MT) expression in comparison with selected clinicopathological variables in primary adenocarcinomas of the large intestine

Tumour growth and expansion are the result of proliferative activity and the capacity to eliminate cells by apoptosis and/or necrosis. The present study was aimed at comparing the apoptosis and proliferation intensity in cells of adenocarcinomas of the large intestine with the expression of metallothionein (MT), the grade of the tumour and the depth to which the tumour infiltrated the intestinal wall. The TUNEL technique and immunocytochemical reactions (expression of caspase-3, Ki-67, MT) were used to detect apoptosis. The results demonstrated augmented levels of all the variables examined, positively correlated with grade of malignancy, G, and with the depth of intestinal wall infiltration by the tumour cells. The testing of apoptosis, proliferation and MT expression may prove useful in the appraisal of the growth and progression of primary adenocarcinomas in the large intestine

Wyniki monitorowania neurofizjologicznego operacji kanału kręgowego

Background and purpose Spine surgery carries the risk of neurological complications. Neurophysiological intraoperative monitoring (NIOM) plays some role in preventing adverse events. NIOM is a young technique, and because of its costs and additional personnel it requires constant evaluation of indications. Nowadays, it is generally assumed that if available, NIOM should be used in every intracanal surgical procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and indications for NIOM in spine surgery in relation to procedure location. Material and methods Effectiveness of NIOM in spinal canal surgery was evaluated by comparison of the number of neurological complications in patients treated surgically with and without NIOM. A total of 74 consecutive patients were surgically treated for spinal canal pathology at the Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Hospital in Bydgoszcz. Thirty-eight patients operated on with the use of NIOM were compared to a historic population of 36 patients treated before the introduction of NIOM. The number of patients with neurological complications was analyzed in three groups based on surgical location: extradural, intradural extramedullary, and intramedullary procedures. Differences between groups were tested with the Fisher exact test. Results The number of neurological complications was significantly lower in the intramedullary procedure group with NIOM. There was no significant difference in the number of complications in patients undergoing intra- or extradural extramedullary procedures with versus without NIOM. Conclusions NIOM decreases the risk of neurological complications in spinal cord surgery, but not in extramedullary spinal canal procedures.Wstęp i cel pracy Operacje kanału kręgowego są obarczone wyjątkowo dużym ryzykiem powikłań neurologicznych. Jedna z najważniejszych metod zmniejszania ryzyka powikłań operacji to śródoperacyjne monitorowanie neurofizjologiczne (neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring – NIOM). Jest to technika młoda i ze względu na koszty aparatury oraz dodatkowego personelu konieczna jest ocena jej skuteczności i ustalenie wskazań do jej stosowania. Obecnie zakłada się, że jeżeli technika NIOM jest dostępna, to powinna być zastosowana w każdego rodzaju operacjach kanału kręgowego. Celem pracy była ocena skuteczności i zasadności NIOM w operacjach kanału kręgowego w odniesieniu do zakresu procedury. Materiał i metody Skuteczność NIOM w operacjach kanału kręgowego oceniono poprzez porównanie liczby powikłań neurologicznych po zabiegach z użyciem NIOM i bez zastosowania NIOM. Badaniem objęto 74 kolejnych chorych operowanych w zakresie kanału kręgowego w Klinice Neurochirurgii 10. Wojskowego Szpitala w Bydgoszczy. Wyniki leczenia 38 chorych operowanych z wykorzystaniem NIOM porównano z wynikami w historycznej grupie kontrolnej, którą stanowiło 36 kolejnych chorych operowanych przed wprowadzeniem tej techniki. Oceniono liczbę powikłań neurologicznych po operacjach w trzech grupach – zewnątrz-oponowych, wewnątrzoponowych, zewnątrzrdzeniowych oraz wewnątrzrdzeniowych. Istotność różnic oceniano przy zastosowaniu testu dokładnego Fishera. Wyniki Po operacjach rdzenia kręgowego stwierdzono istotnie mniejszą liczbę powikłań w grupie chorych operowanych z wykorzystaniem NIOM. Nie stwierdzono istotnej różnicy pomiędzy wynikami operacji prowadzonych zewnątrzrdze-niowo – wewnątrzoponowo ani zewnątrzoponowo. Wnioski Śródoperacyjne monitorowanie neurofizjologiczne podczas operacji rdzenia kręgowego zmniejszyło liczbę powikłań neurologicznych, ale w przypadku operacji zewnątrz-rdzeniowych nie wpłynęło istotnie na neurologiczny wynik leczenia

Expression of metallothionein (MT) and gluthatione s-transferase pi (SGTP) in the bone marrow of patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD)

Overexpression of SGTP and/or MT may contribute to various carcinogenic processes and to resistance to anticancer treatment. The importance of these proteins, although clearly established in solid tumours, has not been fully understood in haematopoietic neoplasm. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of MT and SGTP in the bone marrow of patients with MPD. Twenty paraffin-embedded bone marrow core biopsy specimens from newly diagnosed patients with MPD were evaluated — osteomyelofibrosis (OMF), n = 9 and chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML), n = 11. We demonstrate increased SGTP and MT expression in the bone marrow of MPD patients. In our study levels of MT in OMF patients were higher than in CML. This suggests that MT expression may correlate with bone marrow fibrosis. These data, although based on a relatively small number of patients, raise the possibility that SGTP and MT may play a role in the pathogenesis of MPD. The clinical significance of this phenomenon needs further investigation

Impact of Nine Month Health Training and a Single Exercise on Changes in Ghrelin, Leptin and Free Fatty Acids Levels in Women’s Blood

The aim of the research was to assess changes in ghrelin, leptin and free fatty acids (FFA) levels in women’s blood after training. The research was carried out in women aged 45.55 ±11.33 years and with the BMI of 26.49 ±4.49. Health training at 50–66% VO2max took place twice a week for 9 months. In the baseline phase and in the 3rd, 6th and 9th month of the training, body mass and composition were measured, cardiorespiratory fitness was checked after a 10-minute exercise test on a cycloergometer, and fasting levels of ghrelin, leptin and FFA in the serum were assayed and 15 minutes after the exercise test. Body mass was reduced in the 6th month of the training. Fasting ghrelin level increased because of training, leptin and FFA decreased. After single 10-minute exercises performed every 3 months level of ghrelin and FFA increased while leptin decreased. An increase in ghrelin level in the blood after the single exercise can be the result of negative energy expenditure. An increase in fasting ghrelin level after training can be one of the adaptive physiological mechanisms connected with energy saving. A mechanism that is switched on as a result of a long-lasting stimulus that leads to energy losses, reduction in body mass and a decrease in leptin level in the blood

Hsp-27 Expression in Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma

The aim of this study was to determine the intensity of Hsp-27 protein expression in fibrocystic breast changes (FC) and invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) and to examine its impact on patients’ clinico-pathological characteristics and overall survival. Immunohistochemical reactions were conducted on archival samples of 20 cases of FC and 101 cases of IDC treated in the years 1999-2002. Nuclear-cytoplasmic Hsp-27 expression was observed in 92 (92.1%) of the examined cases of IDC and all the cases of FC. Significantly higher Hsp-27 expression was observed in G2 (p<0.01) and G3 cases (p<0.0001) as compared to FC. HER-2 positive cases had higher Hsp-27 expression (p=0.0153), than HER-2 negative cases. Our research showed that Hsp-27 could have a impact on tumour malignancy. Moreover, the positive correlation between expression of Hsp-27 and HER-2 positive cases was demonstrated

Expression of survivin, SDF-1 and CXCR4 on tumor cells in ovarian cancer

Summary Background: epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has the highest mortality rate among patients with gynecologic malignancies. Lack of specific and early symptoms and of screening tests causes that most patients are diagnosed in advanced stage of disease. Radical surgery followed by chemotherapy does not bring satisfactory curative effects. Objectives: the urgent need exists to define the optimum biomarker for ovarian cancer to predict patients’ response to curative therapy. Our current study aimed at correlation between the expression of survivin, SDF-1, CXCR-4 on tumor tissue and clinical outcome of patients with ovarian cancer. Results: we showed that survivin expression correlates with histological grading of the tumor. No correlation was found in terms of SDF-1/CXCR-4 expression and clinicopathologic data. Conclusions: further studies covering larger number of patients are needed to determine whether SDF-1 and CXCR-4 might be considered as biomarkers for ovarian cancer

Molecular profiling of the intestinal mucosa and immune cells of the colon by multi-parametric histological techniques

The impact of the post-mortem interval (PMI) on the optical molecular characteristics of the colonic mucosa and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) were examined by multi-parametric measurements techniques. Inflammatory cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining. Molecular parameters were estimated using the Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging. The 3D refractive index (3D-RI) distributions of samples were determined using the digital holographic tomography. The distribution of immune cells between post-mortem (PM) and normal controls did show significant differences for CD4 (P = 0.0016) or CD8 (P < 0.0001), whose expression level was decreased in PM cases. No association was found between individual PMI values and inflammatory cell distribution. However, there was a tendency for a negative correlation between CD4(+) cells and PMI (r = − 0.542, P = 0.032). The alterations ongoing in post-mortem tissue may suggest that PMI has a suppressive effect on the effector properties of the cell-mediated immunity. Moreover, it was confirmed that spectroscopic and digital holotomographic histology are also a useful technique for characterization of the differences in inflammation of varying intensity and in GALT imaging in a solid tissue. Anatomical location of immune cells and methods of tissue fixation determine the molecular and optical parameters of the examined cases