O papel dos Congressos e das Exposições Universais no desenvolvimento da telegrafia eléctrica em Portugal (1855 - 1879)

Resumo: Na segunda metade do século XIX, Portugal inseriu-se no movimento de circulação internacional de pessoas, ideias e tecnologia de que as Exposições Universais e os congressos foram uma das expressões com mais impacto na sociedade. A telegrafia eléctrica foi um exemplo de como a difusão dos progressos técnicos, a troca de experiências e o espírito de cooperação entre os vários países foram fundamentais para a criação de infraestruturas de comunicação que ultrapassavam as fronteiras nacionais e para o estabelecimento de normas que regulamentassem o seu funcionamento. Este texto procura analisar a participação dos técnicos e quadros administrativos portugueses ligados à telegrafia eléctrica nos Congressos internacionais e nas Exposições universais, com o objectivo de enquadrar o desenvolvimento da telegrafia em Portugal numa perspectiva internacional. Abstract: In the second half of the nineteenth century, Portugal toke part of the international movement of people, ideas and technology of which the Universal Exhibitions and International Conferences were one of the expressions with more impact in society. The electrical telegraphy was an example of how the diffusion of technical progress, the exchange of experiences and the spirit of cooperation between countries were the key to the creation of the communication infrastructures that went beyond national borders, as well as to establish rules and norms to guarantee its functioning. This paper aims to analyze the participation of Portuguese technicians and administrative staff connected to the electrical telegraph in International Conferences and in the Universal Exhibitions, in order to frame the development of electric telegraphy in Portugal in an international perspective

O museu das comunicações: contributos e perspectivas para uma proposta de gestão

Esta dissertação tem como objectivo a caracterização e diagnóstico da estrutura de gestão do Museu das Comunicações, com vista à formulação de uma proposta de redefinição, enquadrada nos princípios museológicos legais e deontológicos em vigor, no estado da arte da gestão de museus e nas práticas de gestão das fundações com museus em Portugal. O estudo do Museu baseou-se na sua caracterização do ponto de vista da sua génese e evolução, das suas colecções, da localização e do edifício. Abordou-se de modo mais aprofundado, a sua estrutura de gestão, particularmente a estrutura orgânica e aplicação das funções museológicas. A dissertação culmina com uma proposta para reestruturar a gestão do Museu das Comunicações assente na redefinição dos ‘princípios fundadores’ e do seu impacto no enquadramento na tutela, na estrutura organizacional (aplicação das funções museológicas e organização dos recursos humanos) e nos instrumentos complementares da gestão museológica; ### ABSTRACT: The Museu das Comunicações: contributions and perspectives towards a management proposal KEYWORDS: museum, foundation, museum management, management structure, organic, Museu das Comunicações. This dissertation sets out to describe and analyse the management structure for the Museu das Comunicacões, the ultimate goal being a proposal for its reform. This will be framed within museology's legal and deontological principles, the state of the art of museum management, as well as management practices within foundations with museums in Portugal. The starting point for the study of the Museum is an overall description of its origins and evolution, its collections, its location and its facilities. From there, a more detailed analysis of its management structure is offered, in particular its organic structure as well as its enforcement of museological functions. The dissertation concludes with a proposal for restructuring the management of the Museum, based on a review of its 'foundation statements’ and their impact on the trust's framework, on its organisational structure (museological function enforcement and human resources organisation), and on complementary tools for museum management

'The Communication Museum in Lisbon: contribution of its early collections to the history of telecommunications in nineteenth-century Portugal

Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, important innovation experiences in telecommunications were presented at World Exhibitions in Europe. The circulation of knowledge, artefacts, ideas and professionals through technical publications and journals, travellers and specialised meetings and congresses facilitated increasingly widespread dissemination about these developments from country to country. Moreover, this circulation promoted the creation of several museums of science and technology. In Portugal, one of the earliest such museums is the Communication Museum, created in 1877 (Museu Postal), under the postal governmental authority (Direcção Geral dos Correios). The Museum still exists today and its disciplinary scope has been enlarged. However, when it was created technological development was already significant and it aimed at preserving the memory of telecommunications through artefacts and documentation associated with Portuguese experts in the field. This paper presents an ongoing research into the Museum’s early collection, particularly telegraphs and telephones, in order to understand its contribution to the history of telecommunications in Portugal and Europe. The methodology is material culture-oriented. Discussion will focus on artefacts that considerably materialise European networks and innovation transfer, namely the telegraphs and telephones signed by Cristiano Augusto Bramão (1840-1881) and Maximiliano Augusto Herrmann (1838-1913), both displayed in World Exhibitions

Safety and Outcome of Revascularization Treatment in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: The Global COVID-19 Stroke Registry

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 related inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy may increase the bleeding risk and lower efficacy of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke and COVID-19. METHODS: Retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular treatment (EVT) between March 2020 and June 2021, tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. With a doubly-robust model combining propensity score weighting and multivariate regression, we studied the association of COVID-19 with intracranial bleeding complications and clinical outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed according to treatment groups (IVT-only and EVT). RESULTS: Of a total of 15128 included patients from 105 centers, 853 (5.6%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. 5848 (38.7%) patients received IVT-only, and 9280 (61.3%) EVT (with or without IVT). Patients with COVID-19 had a higher rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.53; 95% CI 1.16-2.01), symptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH) (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.20-2.69), SICH and/or SSAH combined (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.23-1.99), 24-hour (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.58-3.86) and 3-month mortality (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.52-2.33).COVID-19 patients also had an unfavorable shift in the distribution of the modified Rankin score at 3 months (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.26-1.60). DISCUSSION: Patients with acute ischemic stroke and COVID-19 showed higher rates of intracranial bleeding complications and worse clinical outcomes after revascularization treatments than contemporaneous non-COVID-19 treated patients. Current available data does not allow direct conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of revascularization treatments in COVID-19 patients, or to establish different treatment recommendations in this subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke. Our findings can be taken into consideration for treatment decisions, patient monitoring and establishing prognosis

Safety and Outcome of Revascularization Treatment in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: The Global COVID-19 Stroke Registry.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES COVID-19 related inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy may increase the bleeding risk and lower efficacy of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke and COVID-19. METHODS Retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular treatment (EVT) between March 2020 and June 2021, tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. With a doubly-robust model combining propensity score weighting and multivariate regression, we studied the association of COVID-19 with intracranial bleeding complications and clinical outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed according to treatment groups (IVT-only and EVT). RESULTS Of a total of 15128 included patients from 105 centers, 853 (5.6%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. 5848 (38.7%) patients received IVT-only, and 9280 (61.3%) EVT (with or without IVT). Patients with COVID-19 had a higher rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.53; 95% CI 1.16-2.01), symptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH) (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.20-2.69), SICH and/or SSAH combined (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.23-1.99), 24-hour (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.58-3.86) and 3-month mortality (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.52-2.33).COVID-19 patients also had an unfavorable shift in the distribution of the modified Rankin score at 3 months (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.26-1.60). DISCUSSION Patients with acute ischemic stroke and COVID-19 showed higher rates of intracranial bleeding complications and worse clinical outcomes after revascularization treatments than contemporaneous non-COVID-19 treated patients. Current available data does not allow direct conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of revascularization treatments in COVID-19 patients, or to establish different treatment recommendations in this subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke. Our findings can be taken into consideration for treatment decisions, patient monitoring and establishing prognosis