On Transport Monitoring and Forecasting during COVID-19 Pandemic in Rome

This paper presents the results of a study on the Rome mobility system aiming at estimating the impacts of the progressive lockdown, imposed by the government, due to the Covid-19 pandemic as well as to support decision makers in planning the transport system for the restart towards a post-Covid "new normal". The analysis of data obtained by the transport monitoring system has been fundamental for both investigating effects of the lockdown and feeding transport models to predict the impacts on future actions. At first, the paper focuses on the so-called transport analytics, by describing mobility trends for the multimodal transportation system of Rome. Then, the results of the simulated scenarios to design public transport services, able to ensure passengers social distancing required in the first post-Covid months, are presented and discussed

Acute Delta Hepatitis in Italy spanning three decades (1991–2019): Evidence for the effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccination campaign

Updated incidence data of acute Delta virus hepatitis (HDV) are lacking worldwide. Our aim was to evaluate incidence of and risk factors for acute HDV in Italy after the introduction of the compulsory vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 1991. Data were obtained from the National Surveillance System of acute viral hepatitis (SEIEVA). Independent predictors of HDV were assessed by logistic-regression analysis. The incidence of acute HDV per 1-million population declined from 3.2 cases in 1987 to 0.04 in 2019, parallel to that of acute HBV per 100,000 from 10.0 to 0.39 cases during the same period. The median age of cases increased from 27 years in the decade 1991-1999 to 44 years in the decade 2010-2019 (p < .001). Over the same period, the male/female ratio decreased from 3.8 to 2.1, the proportion of coinfections increased from 55% to 75% (p = .003) and that of HBsAg positive acute hepatitis tested for by IgM anti-HDV linearly decreased from 50.1% to 34.1% (p < .001). People born abroad accounted for 24.6% of cases in 2004-2010 and 32.1% in 2011-2019. In the period 2010-2019, risky sexual behaviour (O.R. 4.2; 95%CI: 1.4-12.8) was the sole independent predictor of acute HDV; conversely intravenous drug use was no longer associated (O.R. 1.25; 95%CI: 0.15-10.22) with this. In conclusion, HBV vaccination was an effective measure to control acute HDV. Intravenous drug use is no longer an efficient mode of HDV spread. Testing for IgM-anti HDV is a grey area requiring alert. Acute HDV in foreigners should be monitored in the years to come

A Bus Network Design Model under Demand Variation: A Case Study of the Management of Rome’s Bus Network

This paper proposed a methodology to design bus transit networks that can be consistently adjusted according to demand variations both in level and distribution. The methodology aims to support the activities of service providers in optimizing the service capacity of the bus network according to a system-wide analysis. It stems from the changes imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Such an experience has imposed a rethinking of the methodology used for the optimal design of robust transit network services that are easy-to-adapt to demand variations without redesigning the whole network every time. Starting from an existing model, this design methodology is articulated in two parts: the first part for solving the problem with the maximum level of transit demand, aiming at giving an upper bound to the solution, and the second part, where the network is optimized for other specific transit demands. This method has been applied to a real context in the city of Rome, considering two levels of demand taken from COVID-19 experiences. They are characterized by the application of different policies regarding different timings for shopping and schools' openings as well as by policies on smart working. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology to design robust transit networks suited to comply with large demand variations. Moreover, the procedure is suitable and easy to implement, in order to adapt quickly to changes in demand without having to modify line routes, but adapting them in an optimal way, even when dealing with realistic-sized transit networks

Intracapsular microenucleation technique in a case of intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma. Technical notes for a conservative approach

We report a rare case of a large intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma (IFNS) in a 51-year-old female who presented with a painless, slow growing left parotid mass without peripheral facial nerve palsy, with non-specific findings at preoperative diagnostic work-up, that was treated with conservative surgery. Management of IFNS is very challenging because the diagnosis is often made intra-operatively, and in most cases resection may lead to severe facial nerve paralysis, with important aesthetic sequelae. Our experience suggests a new surgical option, namely intra-capsular enucleation using a microscope, currently used for schwannomas arising from a major peripheral nerve, which should be a safe and reliable treatment for IFNS. This surgical technique is the first experience of intracapsular microenucleation of facial nerve schwannoma described in the literature and allows preservation of the nerve without resection and reconstruction

Covid-19 Transport Analytics. Analysis of Rome Mobility During Coronavirus Pandemic Era

Dealing with emergencies is never an easy task. Coping with the Covid-19 emergency was and still is an incredibly tough and unprecedent challenge for mankind, not only from a healthy point of view, but also from a socio-economic point of view, where a key role will be played by a reliable and sustainable transport of people and goods. Professional and researchers from all disciplines have been required to adapt their models, methods and tools to support decision makers in coronavirus emergency days. This paper reports the experience of the authors for the analysis of the Rome mobility system to estimate the impacts of the progressive lockdown imposed by the government. It focuses on data available for monitoring, which have been used to carry out transport analytics both for private and public transport. Such analytics have been used for planning the reboot of the transport system to be ready for the post Covid-19 era

Analysis and monitoring of post-COVID mobility demand in Rome resulting from the adoption of sustainable mobility measures

The paper describes research activities of monitoring, modeling, and planning of people mobility in Rome during the Covid-19 epidemic period from March to June 2020. The results of data collection for different transport modes (walking, bicycle, car, and transit) are presented and analyzed. A specific focus is provided for the subway mass transit, where 1 m interpersonal distancing is required to prevent the risks for Covid-19 contagion together with the use of masks and gloves. A transport system model has been calibrated on the data collected during the lockdown period –when people\u27s behavior significantly changed because of smart-working adoption and contagion fear– and was applied to predict future mobility scenarios under different assumptions on economic activities restarting. Based on the estimations of passenger loading, a timing policy that differentiates the opening hours of the shops depending on their commercial category was implemented, and an additional bus transit service was introduced to avoid incompatible loads of the subway lines with the required interpersonal distancing

On Transport Monitoring and Forecasting During COVID-19 Pandemic in Rome

This paper presents the results of a study on the Rome mobility system aiming at estimating the impacts of the progressive lockdown, imposed by the government, due to the Covid-19 pandemic as well as to support decision makers in planning the transport system for the restart towards a post-Covid “new normal”. The analysis of data obtained by the transport monitoring system has been fundamental for both investigating effects of the lockdown and feeding transport models to predict the impacts on future actions. At first, the paper focuses on the so-called transport analytics, by describing mobility trends for the multimodal transportation system of Rome. Then, the results of the simulated scenarios to design public transport services, able to ensure passengers social distancing required in the first post-Covid months, are presented and discussed