1 research outputs found
Identification of Photosynthesis Inhibitors of Pelagic Marine Algae Using 96-Well Plate Microfractionation for Enhanced Throughput in Effect-Directed Analysis
Because
of large-scale production and use of an increasing diversity
of chemicals in modern society, estuarine and coastal waters may be
contaminated with numerous substances. Some of these compounds have
the potential to affect microalgae at the base of the pelagic food
chain. Therefore, we identified the main chemical stressors that negatively
affect the effective photosystem II efficiency (Ï•PSII) in marine
microalgae of the Dutch estuarine and coastal waters. An enhanced
effect-directed analysis (EDA) was carried out by combining reversed-phase
ultra performance liquid chromatography fractionation of extracts
from passive samplers, followed by effect assessment using the pulse
amplitude modulation fluorometry assay and chemical analysis of biologically
active fractions using high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study
focuses on a novel microfractionation technique using 96-well plates
to enhance throughput in EDA, structure elucidation, and the analytical
and effect confirmation of the compounds that are identified. Although
there are numerous unknown compounds present in estuarine and coastal
waters, our EDA study shows that atrazine, diuron, irgarol, isoproturon,
terbutryn, and terbutylazine are the main contributors to the observed
effect on the Ï•PSII of marine microalgae