Data associated with "How much of demand can be met by rainwater harvesting?"

Simulations with different combinations of roof catchment area, storage capacity, and demand can be assessed at any location where daily rainfall data is available. For the present consider a building in example city in Georgia with an impervious roof area of 100 m² roof (1076 ft²) and a non-potable demand of 200 L/d (26 gal/d). After establishing the water demand, then any supply-storage-demand problem can be iteratively experimented with a spreadsheet if local daily rainfall data is available to cover many decades. An example is provided for a simple rainwater harvesting example notionally in Atlanta, Georgia (33.64° N latitude, 84.43° W longitude), which is referred to as “Example City, GA, USA” in the 2021 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals Chapter 14, with bogus ID WMO777777/WBAN99999 identifier to indicate it is unchanged from the 2017 Handbook Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson with actual ID WMO 722190/WBAN13874. Within the U. S., the best source of rainfall data is found in National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Daily Observations Data Map (https://gis.ncdc.noaa.gov/maps/ncei/cdo/daily/). There are several different datasets available, but for the current discussion we are using the Global Historical Climatology Network to illustrate one possible spreadsheet form you could construct. So in this case select GHCN and enter the coordinates so you can zoom out to select station “GHCND:USW00013874”. Then select “custom GHCN Daily CSV” with the earliest possible date range (1930-01-01 through yesterday) and select only precipitation “PRCP”. Open your GHCN order with precipitation data (“PRCP”) in a spreadsheet and there will be 4 columns wide and thousands of rows long, with the first four rows shown above to explain that if there were for example 100,000 rows below the starting date it would be a record of 273 years of daily rainfall records. Beware that start dates prior to 01/01/1900 will not be recognized in Excel spreadsheets as a number readable in date formats that specify the day, month and year of record. The second column will be used to provide input and output parameters in your analysis of the date and precipitation records in the 3rd and 4th columns, as well as running accounts of a rainwater harvesting system to occupy the 5th, 6th , and 7th columns titled “Cache”, “Makeup” and “Overflow”

Transcontinental assessment of secure rainwater harvesting systems across Australia

This paper documents the utility of the online tool “rainwater harvesting and demand simulation” forwarded by URL http://gettanked.org/, and categorizes performance variability with respect to Köppen–Geiger climatic classifications of the Australian continent. This is a novel tool because it dynamically calculates the irrigation and evaporative cooling demands in addition to any particular per diem allocation of potable water. The analysis may be either from a finite storage tank of specified capacity, or drawn from water mains, but the present paper is focused on the design of secure off-grid rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS). The nominal consumption target of 155 L per diem per capita must be reduced by varying degrees depending on the locality. Higher demand can be met if sufficient catchment and capacity are provided, or if regular tanker deliveries are readily available. Alternatively, demand restrictions are tabulated as guidance to avoid running dry within the constraints of a nominal 10,000 L capacity storage with 100 m2 catchment – defining the sustainable load per diem (SLPD) during a “worst case” epoch – this is the break-point for off-grid security. SLPD varies from 86 to 124 L/d among most temperate maritime climate stations, and between 35 and 42 L/d at most desert climate stations. The supporting on-line operating manual includes tabulations of demand for evaporative cooling and irrigation together with the sustainable yield of a rainwater harvest system at 128 locations throughout Australia. Dynamics of non-potable demands should be resolved before using the GetTanked design tool for any particular dwelling or workplace. Indoor and potable water demand must be disaggregated from irrigation, pool evaporation, and evaporative cooling in order to fully exploit the GetTanked tool

Data associated with " Global and local bioclimatic predilections for rebalancing the heating and cooling of buildings"

Air-conditioning relies on electricity that isn’t ubiquitous while policies encourage passive alternatives —yet cooling really should respond to occupants’ distress. Here I show where passive measures have been sufficient for comfort and identify local predilections for rebalancing demand between heating and cooling —apportioned by population neighboring meteorological stations. Access to air-conditioned shelter has been occasionally indispensable for 21% of population —generally between 20°S and 39°N and below 500m elevation. Meanwhile reverse-cycle air-source heat-pump/air-conditioning has been a reasonable expectation for 72% of the population. Refocusing on 9493 locations with ≥14 years of daily observations, stationary heating and cooling demands were found where 19% of population dwelt. Otherwise, summer cooling demand generally increased while winter heating demand decreased —except some mid-latitude continental areas demonstrated a predilection for both heating and cooling demands to increase. Over 30% of population dwelt where heating demand increased, while almost 65% dwelt where cooling demand increased. To estimate which HVAC package is locally appropriate, refer to nearby comparable meteorological stations detailed in the file “RESULTSout_1987-2020.csv” (n=16,582 records) that can be downloaded at doi.org/10.5518/967– but beware of microclimatic variability in urban heat islands. Energy and Buildings https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112088 Global and local bioclimatic predilections for rebalancing the heating and cooling of buildings Author: Eric Laurentius Peterson12*† 1 Visiting Research Fellow, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. 2 Climatic Information Technical Committee TC4.2, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]; [email protected] † The author is a licensed Professional Engineer (Mechanical and Environmental